BaFin Futures Rules
Overview:
On September 30, 2022, a General Administrative Act was adopted by BaFin that restricts the marketing, distribution and sale of futures with an Additional Payment Obligation (APO). The act became effective on January 1, 2023
The act affects MiFID retail clients who have their country of legal residence listed as Germany, and covers all exchange-traded futures worldwide with the exception of positions opened prior to January 1, 2023.
APO means the contractual obligation of a retail client to compensate a brokerage firm for losses in excess of the capital deposited by the client for futures trading. In other words, Retail clients in Germany will not have to compensate IBKR for losses related to futures in excess of the funds specifically deposited for futures trading. Any excess losses must be covered by IBKR.
To manage its risk, IBKR has increased the Initial and Maintenance margin requirements for all new Futures positions after 1 January 2023 that are entered into by Retail Clients domiciled in Germany. The margin changes are:
(1) Intraday Margin no longer applies, only overnight requirements will be used for the calculation
(2) Margin requirement above the threshold EUR 50'000 will be doubled
Example #1: Normal margin requirement is EUR 75'000, we will require EUR 100'000 in margin (50'000 + (2 x 25'000))
Simply double the amount of margin that is above 50k
(3) Futures with the same underlying (e.g S&P 500, DAX etc) will be margined together as one 'class'. The increase and calculation would apply to this grouped position (class).
Under the BaFin Futures Rule, only cash allocated for futures trading is at risk. Cash allocated for futures trading equals the initial margin requirement for the future, meaning that only the Initial Margin will be used to cover losses from futures trading. If a loss exceeds the cash allocated to meet the initial margin, IB will not require the client to cover excess losses.
Initial margin requirements for futures must be met with Free Cash. Free cash is your positive cash balances less initial margin for other open positions, and does not include equity in other instruments. If your account does not have sufficient Free Cash to cover the initial Margin requirement the order will be rejected. Note in particular, that if your account has a margin loan (negative cash) you will not be able to trade futures as IBKR is not allowed to increase a margin loan to generate cash for the futures margin requirement.
Futures positions that no longer meet the maintenance margin requirement will be liquidated. Note however, that only futures can be liquidated to cover a margin deficit in futures. By contrast, futures can be liquidated to cover deficits in other instruments.
Clients can opt-in to have all their free cash available to be used to cover variation margin requirements for their futures positions. This reduces the likelihood of liquidations but increases your potential total losses up to your entire available Free Cash.
To request to Opt-In, you will need to login to the Client Portal and select Settings, then select “BaFin Futures for German Retail Investor” and follow the prompts. This will allow you to complete the agreement and confirm the request.
Regulamento de PRIIPs
O Regulamento dos Pacotes de produtos de investimento de varejo e de produtos de investimento com base em seguros (PRIIPs) - UE Nº 1286/2014 (“Regulamento de PRIIPs” ou “PRIIPs”) entrou em vigor em 29 de dezembro de 2014 e os requisitos presentes nesse Regulamento passaram a ser aplicados no dia 1º de janeiro de 2018. O Regulamento exige que os fabricantes do produto criem e mantenham documentos de informação fundamental (DIFs) e que as pessoas responsáveis por prestar assessoria ou por vender PRIIPs forneçam esse tipo de documento aos investidores de varejo estabelecidos no Espaço Econômico Europeu (EEE) para que esses investidores tenham melhor entendimento e possam comparar os produtos.
Objetivos do Regulamento de PRIIPs
Desde a crise financeira de 2008, um dos principais objetivos da Comissão Europeia tem sido aumentar a proteção do consumidor e reconstruir a confiança nos mercados financeiros.
O Regulamento apresenta um novo documento de informação fundamental (DIF) padronizado para melhorar o entendimento do investidor de varejo com relação aos PRIIPs e à comparabilidade desses produtos. A definição de PRIIP é qualquer investimento em que o valor a ser repassado ao investidor está sujeito a flutuações por conta da exposição a valores de referência. Além dos produtos de seguro, alguns exemplos de PRIIPs incluem opções, futuros, CFDs, produtos estruturados etc.
O Regulamento é uma lei para proteger o investidor e seus principais objetivos são:
- Garantir o entendimento e a comparabilidade entre produtos semelhantes para ajudar o investidor a tomar decisões de investimento.
- Melhorar a transparência e aumentar a confiança no mercado de investimentos de varejo.
- Promover um mercado europeu único de seguros.
O Regulamento contribui para atingir esses objetivos ao definir o formato e o conteúdo padrão do DIF.
O que é um documento de informação fundamental (DIF)?
O DIF é um documento de três páginas que contém detalhes importantes do produto, incluindo descrição geral, custo, perfil de risco-retorno e possíveis cenários de desempenho.
A quem se destina o Regulamento?
O Regulamento é pertinente para fabricantes e distribuidores de PRIIPs. A responsabilidade de criar e manter o documento é do fabricante do produto. No entanto, todos os distribuidores ou intermediários financeiros que vendam PRIIPs ou prestem assessoria relacionada a PRIIPs a investidores de varejo, ou que recebam ordens de compra de PRIIPs lançadas por investidores de varejo, devem fornecer um DIF aos investidores. Essa regra também se aplica a ambientes on-line e de somente execução.
Quem deve receber um DIF?
Os investidores de varejo domiciliados no EEE devem receber um DIF antes de investir em um PRIIP. Se o fabricante não disponibilizar um DIF, a negociação do PRIIP por parte dos clientes de varejo do EEE terá restrições.
Implicações para a Interactive Brokers:
Para cumprir o Regulamento de PRIIPs, quando necessário, a IB UK fornecerá DIFs eletronicamente por meio de um site (“Página de destino DIF de PRIIPs”).
Onde encontro a Página de destino DIF de PRIIPs?
É possível acessar os DIFs na Página de destino DIF de PRIIPs. Há três maneiras de encontrar os DIFs. Eles estão disponíveis na plataforma IBKR Trader Workstation (“TWS”), no site da IBKR e no Portal do cliente.
1. Para encontrar os DIFs pelo TWS:
- Inicie sessão no TWS.
- Clique com o botão direito do mouse no símbolo do produto para o qual você deseja ver o DIF.
- Em Informações do instrumento financeiro, clique em Detalhes.
- Na página Detalhes do contrato, clique no link DIF de PRIIPs. Esse link direciona para a Página de destino DIF de PRIIPs do Portal do cliente.
2. Para encontrar os DIFs pelo site da IBKR:
- Abra a guia Negociação e clique em Lista de mercados.
- Em seguida, selecione Lista de produtos. Selecione o tipo de derivativo, a região e o mercado/bolsa de valores do produto para o qual você deseja encontrar as informações contratuais.
- Selecione o produto para o qual deseja ver o DIF e você será direcionado para a página Detalhes do contrato.
- Na página Detalhes do contrato, conforme a imagem acima, é possível selecionar o link do DIF de PRIIPs, que direcionará você para a Página de destino DIF de PRIIPs no Portal do Cliente.
3. Para encontrar os DIFs no Portal do cliente:
- Inicie sessão no Portal do cliente.
- Clique no ícone de Ajuda (?) e em Central de atendimento.
- Na seção Informações e ferramentas, selecione DIF de PRIIPs e você será direcionado para a Página de destino DIF de PRIIPs.
NOTIFICATION ON THE OPT-IN/OPT-OUT OPTION FOR ACCREDITED INVESTORS
Background:
The regulatory requirements for the Accredited Investor (“AI”) are intended to enhance investor protection. The current AI regime involves an opt-in/opt-out process. Do familiarise yourself with the treatment of an AI and if you are in doubt, you should consult a professional adviser if you do not understand any consequence of being as an AI.
Accredited Investor Status
Based on the information you provided, you have been assessed by us to be an AI (please see Schedule 1 for more information) and we intend to treat you as an AI (please see Schedule 2 for more information) provided you agree to opt-in to indicate your consent to be treated as an AI. You will not be treated as an AI, if you choose not to opt-in.
Opting-In
If you would like us to serve you as an AI, you will be required to provide your consent to opt-in by ticking the Opt-In Confirmation box. Your signature on the account opening documents will constitute your consent to opting in once you ticked this Opt-In Confirmation box. Your “AI” status will apply to all your accounts with us, including joint accounts (unless any of your joint account holders choose not to opt-in in the case of your joint accounts). For corporate accounts, the corporate representative is responsible for checking the Opt-In Confirmation box if the intention is for the corporate account to be treated as an AI.
Opting-Out
After you have opted-in, you may at any time notify us that you do not consent to being treated as an AI. After 14 days of our receipt of your notice, we will discontinue treating you as an AI when you opt-out.
If you would like to opt-out of your “AI” status at the time of account opening, you will then need to tick the accompanying Opt-Out Confirmation box. Your signature on the account opening forms will indicate your consent to op out once you ticked this Opt-Out Confirmation box. We will notify you once your investor status has been updated in our records. Until such time, we will continue to treat you as an AI. When you opt-out, you will be served as a Non-AI which means we will no longer be able to offer you certain products and services that are offered only to AI customers. You will also be required to sign certain risk disclosure statements and/or have product restrictions placed on your trading. If you wish to subsequently opt-out after account opening, please contact our Customer Service Center.
Other Holders Not Opting in (Joint Account(s))
For a joint account to be opened with us with the intention of being served under the AI status, all account holders of the relevant Joint Account are required to provide their opt-in consent.
Should any one of the account holders of a Joint Account with AI status opt out, the Joint Account will be affected and we would no longer be able to offer you certain products and services that are only offered to AI customers via that Joint Account. We can only continue to provide non-AI services for dealing through that Joint Account. For the avoidance of doubt, this will not affect the status of accounts other than the relevant Joint Accounts(s). If you wish to subsequently opt-out after the joint account opening, please contact our Customer Service Center.
Corporations Not Opting in (Joint Account(s))
Should the Corporate Account not want to be treated as an AI, it can choose to opt out at the time of account opening. The corporate representative is responsible for ticking the Opt-Out Confirmation box if the intention is for the corporate account to be treated as an AI.
Should any one of the AI shareholders of a Corporate Account with AI status opt out, the Corporate Account will be affected and we would no longer be able to offer you certain products and services that are only offered to AI customers via that Corporate Account. We can only continue to provide non-AI services for dealing through that Corporate Account. For the avoidance of doubt, this will not affect the status of accounts other than the relevant Corporate Accounts(s). If you wish to subsequently opt-out after the corporate account opening, please contact our Customer Service Center.
SCHEDULE 1 – ACCREDITED INVESTOR AS DEFINED IN SECTION 4A(1)(a)(i) OF THE SFA
“Accredited investor” means
An individual
(a) those net personal assets exceed in value $2 million (or its equivalent in a foreign currency) or such other amount as the Authority may prescribe in place of the first amount;
(b) whose financial assets (net of any related liabilities) exceed in value $1 million (or its equivalent in a foreign currency) or such other amount as the Authority may prescribe in place of the first amount, where “financial asset” means —
(i) a deposit as defined in section 4B of the Banking Act;
(ii) an investment product as defined in section 2(1) of the Financial Advisers Act; or
(iii) any other asset as may be prescribed by regulations made under section 341of the SFA; or
(c) whose income in the preceding 12 months is not less than $300,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign currency)
In determining the value of an individual’s net personal assets for the purposes of subsection (1)(a)(i)(A), the value of the individual’s primary residence —
(a) is to be calculated by deducting any outstanding amounts in respect of any credit facility that is secured by the residence from the estimated fair market value of the residence; and
(b) is taken to be the lower of the following:
(i) the value calculated under paragraph (a);
(ii) $1 million.
A corporation
(a) its net assets exceed S$10,000,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign currency) as determined by
(i) its most recent audited balance-sheet or
(ii) its balance-sheet certified by the Corporation as giving a true and fair view of its state of affairs as of the date of the balance-sheet (which date is within the twelve (12) months preceding the date of submitting this form); or
(b) its entire share capital is owned by one or more persons, all of whom are accredited investors as defined in section 4A of the SFA.
SCHEDULE 2 – EXPLANATION OF EFFECT OF BEING TREATED AS AN ACCREDITED INVESTOR UNDER THE CONSENT PROVISIONS
General Warning : Accredited investors are assumed to be better informed, and better able to access resources to protect their own interests. Because accredited investors are considered to be more financially savvy, it is inferred they therefore require less regulatory protection. Investors who agree to be treated as accredited investors accordingly forgo the benefit of certain requlatory safeguards. However, it has been observed that using factors of net worth and/or net income to determine who is an accredited investor, is not necessarily a reflection of how financially savvy an investor can be. Investors should consult a professional adviser is they do not understand any consequence of being treated as an accredited investor.
The following sets out a summary of the effects under the consent provisions of you being treated by us as an accredited investor. Where we deal with you as an accredited investor, we would be exempt from complying with requirements under the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore (the “SFA”) and certain requlations and notices issued thereunder.
Please note that the regulatory requirements that we are exempted when dealing with you as an accredited investor are subject to regulatory changes and may be updated from time to time. Currently, the relevant consent provisions come under the Securities and Futures (Licensing and Conduct of Business) Regulations.
Under the SFA and the regulations and notices issued thereunder:
1. Compensation from fidelity fund under Section 186(1) the SFA. Section 186(1) of the SFA provides for a fidelity fund to be held and applied for the purposes of compensating persons who suffer pecuniary loss because of certain defaults. You would not be entitled to be compensated from the fidelity fund, even if you have suffered pecuniary loss in the manner contemplated under Section 186(1) of the SFA.
2. Prospectus Exemptions under Section 275 and 305 of the SFA. Sections 275 and 305 of the SFA exempt the offeror from registering a prospectus when the offer of securities and securities-based derivatives contracts, and units of collective investment schemes is made to relevant persons (including accredited investors). In addition, secondary sales made to institutional investors and relevant persons remain exempt from the prospectus registration requirement provided that certain requirements are met. You can be offered certain products that cannot be offered to retail investors. The issuer and/or offeror is not subject to the statutory prospectus liability under the SFA. Subsequent sales of securities, securities-based derivative contracts and collective investment schemes first sold under inter alia Section 275 and 305 can also be made to you, as well as transfers of securities of certain corporations and interests in certain trusts.
3. Restrictions on Advertisements under Section 251 and 300 of the SFA. Section 251 and 300 of the SFA prohibit any advertisement or publication referring to an offer or intended offer of securities and securities-based derivatives contracts, and unit of collective investment schemes from being made.
4. Part III of the Securities and Futures (Licensing and Conduct of Business) Regulations (“SFR”). Part III of the SFR stipulates the requirements imposed on us in relation to the treatment of customers’ assets. We are exempt from treating your as a “retail investor” in relation to certain requirements pertaining to the treatment of a retail customer’s assets, as summarised below.
- Customer Assets (Regulation 26(1)(a))
For retail investors, we deposit customer assets into a custody account maintained in accordance with Regulation 27 of the SFR (requires the custody account to be maintained with certain specified institutions only); or into an account directed by the retail customer to which the retail customer has legal and beneficial title and maintained with, inter alia , licensed banks, merchant banks or finance companies or banks established and regulated as banks outside Singapore. For an accreditor investor, we deposit customer assets into a custody account maintained in accordance with Regulation 27 of the SFR (requires the custody account to be maintained with certain specified institutions only); or into an account directed by the accredited investor.
- Disclosure requirement (Regulation27A)
For retail customers, we make certain disclosures (such as whether the assets will be commingled with other customers and the risks of commingling, consequences if the institution which maintains the custody account becomes insolvent) in writing prior to depositing assets in custody account. There is no such requirement for accredited investors.
- Mortgage if customer’s assets – the bank may mortgage, charge, pledge or hypothecate customer’s assets for a sum not exceeding the amount owed by the customer to the bank (Regulation 34(2))
Prior to doing so, the bank must inform the retail customer of this right and explain the risks and obtain written consent of the retail customer. There is no equivalent requirement on an accredited investor.
- Prohibition on transferring title of assets received from customer to the bank or any other person (Regulation34A)
The above prohibition applies to retail customers unless the assets are transferred in connection with borrowing or lending of specified products in accordance with Regulation 45 of the SFR. There is no such requirement for accredited investors.
- Withdrawals from custody account to transfer the asset to any other person or account in accordance with the written direction of the customer (Regulation 35(2))
For the retail customers, we are not permitted to transfer retail customer’s assets, to meet any of our obligations in relation to any transaction entered into by us for our benefit. There is no such requirement for accredited investors.
5. Regulation 47BA of the SFR. Regulation 47BA of the SFR provides that a bank must not deal with a retail customer as an agent when dealing in certain markets products. We ae not subject to this prohibition if you are an accredited investor and may deal with you as an agent in relation to over-the-counter derivatives contracts and/or spot foreign exchange contracts, for the purposes of leveraged foreign exchange trading.
6. Regulation 47E of the SFR. We are not under any obligation under Regulation 47E(1) and (2) of the SFR to provide for certain risk disclosure requirements for (a) trading in futures contracts, spot FX contracts for the purposes of leveraged FX trading and FX OTC derivatives (the “Products”), (b) soliciting or entering into fund management agreements to manage Products for you.
7. Section 99H(1)(s) of the SFA read with Regulations 3A(5)(c), (d), (e) and (7) of the SFR. If we appoint a provisional representative or temporary representative in respect of any SFA regulated activity, we would undertake certain responsibilities in relation to the representative’s interactions with any client or member of the public. We are not under any statutory obligation to restrict the interaction with you that may be undertaken by such representatives.
8. Regulation 33 of the SFR. We are not under any statutory obligation under Regulation 33(2)(a) of the SFR to explain the risks involved to you prior to us lending or arranging for a custodian to lend your specified products.
9. Regulation 40 of the SFR. Provided: (a) we have made available to you (on a real-time basis) with your consent monthly and quarterly statements of account containing prescribed particulars electronically or (b) you have requested in writing not to receive the statement of account, we are not under any statutory obligation under Regulation 40(1) of the SRG to furnish a monthly or quarterly statement of account to you.
10. Regulation 45 of the SFR. We are not under any statutory obligation to provide collateral to you under Regulation 45 of the SFR when we borrow specified products from you. Where we provide assets to you as collateral for the borrowing, unlike for retail investors, the agreement does not have to include the requirement to mark-to-market on every business day the specified products that are borrowed nor the minimum collateral comprising specified products nor procedures for calculating the margins.
11. Regulation 47DA of the SFR. We are not required to provide certain general risk disclosures or disclose to you the capacity in which we act when opening a trading account for entering into transactions of any products that are not future contracts, spot FX contracts and FX OTC derivatives.
12. MAS Notice on the Sale of Investment Products [Notice No SFA 04-N12]. This MAS Notice sets out requirements which apply to a licensed person who deals in investment products to its clients. We are statutorily not required to conduct a Customer Knowledge Assessment or Customer Account Review to determine your investment experience and knowledge nor are we required to comply with certain procedures, including furnishing certain risk warnings on overseas-listed investment products.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF RECEIPT OF THIS NOTIFICATION ON THE OPT-IN/OPT-OUT OPTION FOR ACCREDITED INVESTORS
Your signature on the account opening forms will indicate your acknowledgement that you have read this NOTIFICATION ON THE OPT-IN/OPT-OUT OPTION FOR ACCREDITED INVESTORS and understand its contents.
SPECIFIC CLASSES OF NON-RETAIL INVESTORS UNDER THE SINGAPORE SECURITIES AND FUTURES ACT
Overview:
Clients of IBKR Singapore have to select one of the following Investor Categories under the definition of the Singapore Securities & Futures Act during the account application:
- Retail
- Accredited
- Expert
- Institutional
Background:
Table of contents
- Accredited Investors definition
- Expert Investors definition
- Institutional Investors definition
Accredited Investors definition
Individuals
i. Net personal assets exceed S$2,000,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign currency) in value, of which no more than S$1,000,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign currency) in value is contributed by the net estimated fair market value of his/her primary residence.
ii. Financial assets (net of any related liabilities) exceed S$1,000,000 in value (or its equivalent in a foreign currency).
iii. Income in the preceding twelve (12) months is not less than S$300,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign currency).
Corporate
i. Net assets exceed S$10,000,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign currency) as determined by (a) its most recent audited balance-sheet or (b) where the Applicant is not required to prepare audited accounts regularly, its balance-sheet certified by the Applicant as giving a true and fair view of its state of affairs as of the date of the balance-sheet (which date is within the twelve (12) months preceding the date of account opening).
ii. Entire share capital is owned by one or more persons, all of whom are accredited investors as defined in section 4A of the Securities and Futures Act.
Please note that being treated as an accredited investor means, among other things, that the Client will be deemed to have more knowledge and the ability to understand and manage the risks of the financial products that he/she chooses to invest in. This means that Interactive Brokers Singapore is allowed to assume that the Client has a certain level of understanding of financial products, including collective investment schemes. In addition, when the Client holds certain financial instruments or participates in certain activities, it will be afforded fewer statutory protections and remedies than retail investors.
For more information on the effects on being treated as an Accredited Investors, please click here.
i. a person whose business involves the acquisition and disposal, or the holding, of capital markets products, whether as principal or agent;
ii. the trustee of such trust as the MAS may prescribe, when acting in that capacity; or
iii. such other person as the MAS may prescribe.
Institutional Investors definition
i. the Government of Singapore;
ii. a statutory board as may be prescribed by regulations made under Section 341 of the Securities and Futures Act;
iii. an entity that is wholly and beneficially owned, whether directly or indirectly, by a central government of a country and whose principal activity is —
(A) to manage its own funds;
(B) to manage the funds of the central government of that country (which may include the reserves of that central government and any pension or provident fund of that country); or
(C) to manage the funds (which may include the reserves of that central government and any pension or provident fund of that country) of another entity that is wholly and beneficially owned, whether directly or indirectly, by the central government of that country;
iv. any entity —
(A) that is wholly and beneficially owned, whether directly or indirectly, by the central government of a country; and
(B) whose funds are managed by an entity that is wholly and beneficially owned, whether directly or indirectly, by a central government of a country and whose principal activity is —
- to manage its own funds;
- to manage the funds of the central government of that country (which may include the reserves of that central government and any pension or provident fund of that country); or
- to manage the funds (which may include the reserves of that central government and any pension or provident fund of that country) of another entity that is wholly and beneficially owned, whether directly or indirectly, by the central government of that country;
v. a central bank in a jurisdiction other than Singapore;
vi. a central government in a country other than Singapore;
vii. an agency (of a central government in a country other than Singapore) that is incorporated or established in a country other than Singapore;
viii. a multilateral agency, international organisation or supranational agency as may be prescribed by regulations made under Section 341;
ix. a bank that is licensed under the Banking Act (Cap. 19);
x. a merchant bank that is approved as a financial institution under Section 28 of the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act (Cap. 186);
xi. a finance company that is licensed under the Finance Companies Act (Cap. 108);
xii. a company or co-operative society that is licensed under the Insurance Act (Cap. 142) to carry on insurance business in Singapore;
xiii. a company licensed under the Trust Companies Act (Cap. 336);
xiv. a holder of a capital markets services licence;
xvi. an approved exchange;
xvii. a recognised market operator;
xviii. an approved clearing house;
xix. a recognised clearing house;
xx. a licensed trade repository;
xxi. a licensed foreign trade repository;
xxii. an approved holding company;
xxiii. a Depository as defined in Section 81SF of the Securities and Futures Act;
xxiv. an entity or a trust formed or incorporated in a jurisdiction other than Singapore, which is regulated for the carrying on of any financial activity in that jurisdiction by a public authority of that jurisdiction that exercises a function that corresponds to a regulatory function of the Monetary Authority of Singapore under this Act, the Banking Act (Cap. 19), the Finance Companies Act (Cap. 108), the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act (Cap. 186), the Insurance Act (Cap. 142), the Trust Companies Act (Cap. 336) or such other Act as may be prescribed by regulations made under Section 341 of the Securities and Futures Act;
xxv. a pension fund, or collective investment scheme, whether constituted in Singapore or elsewhere;
xxvi. a person (other than an individual) who carries on the business of dealing in bonds with accredited investors or expert investors;
xxvii. the trustee of such trust as the Monetary Authority of Singapore may prescribe, when acting in that capacity; or
xxviii. such other person as the Monetary Authority of Singapore may prescribe.
China Connect – Restriction on Mainland Investors from Northbound Trading
Overview:
The Hong Kong Exchange (“HKEX”) issued a circular on the banning of Mainland investors from Northbound trading, effective on 25 July 2022. Clients who trade China Connect Securities through Interactive Brokers are required to comply with these requirements.
I. Which clients are classified as Mainland investors?
(a) Individuals that possess Mainland ID documents; or
(b) Holders of a joint account if one of the holders is considered as Mainland investor under (a); or
(c) Corporate or unincorporated entities which are registered in the Mainland.
II. Which circumstances are exempt from the classification?
The following investors will NOT be considered as “Mainland Investors” and may continue to buy and sell China Connect Securities with Interactive Brokers.
(a) Individual client who holds:
i. A Hong Kong or Macao permanent ID; or
ii. An One-way Permit for Proceeding to Hong Kong and Macao; or
iii. An identity document as proof of permanent residence in a country or region outside Mainland China.
(b) A branch or subsidiary which is lawfully registered in Hong Kong or overseas.
III. How are Existing Accounts with BCANs Handled?
| Effective Date | Notice |
| From 25 July 2022 to 23 July 2023 | Existing accounts who are Mainland investors with registered BCANs can still buy and sell China Connect Securities. |
| From 24 July 2023 | Existing accounts who are Mainland investors can only sell any China Connect Securities. |
IV. Reference
The above information is provided for convenience. For more detailed information, please refer to HKEX’s circular on the banning of Mainland investors from Northbound trading: https://www.hkex.com.hk/-/media/HKEX-Market/Services/Circulars-and-Notices/Participant-and-Members-Circulars/SEHK/2022/CT08822E.pdf
FAQs for Ukraine/Russia Securities
Overview:
These FAQs summarize key information related to the Ukraine/Russia sanctions. This page will be updated to reflect additional sanction-related restrictions or other developments. Last update: February 02, 2024.
A. Cashiering Restrictions - Rubles
B. Customers Who Have Positions in Russian Securities
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Sanctioned Russian Securities
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Non-Sanctioned Russian Securities
C. Customers from Certain Regions in Ukraine
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The Luhansk and Donetsk Regions
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Account Restrictions
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-
The Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Regions
D. Customers Who Bank Through Sanctioned Banks
E. Restrictions Affecting Russian or Belarusian Nationals, Citizens, and/or Residents
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MOEX
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EU Securities Restrictions
A. Cashiering Restrictions – Rubles
In line with many financial institutions, IBKR is reducing exposure to the Russian Ruble (“RUB”).
1. What are the restrictions on cashiering in Rubles?
Deposits in RUB
IBKR is no longer accepting deposits of RUB. Any deposit in RUB will be rejected.
IBKR will periodically convert RUB balances to USD or EUR, depending on the IBKR entity with which you have an account. Please visit the IBKR Knowledge Base for the specifics regarding the currency conversion.
Withdrawals in RUB
We are currently accepting RUB withdrawal requests. However, we cannot guarantee that such requests will be processed by our cashiering bank.
2. What if the Base Currency of my account is RUB?
IBKR does not currently allow clients to maintain RUB as their base currency. If you previously used RUB as your base currency, we converted it to USD or EUR depending on which IBKR entity carries your account. (This information can be found in the IBKR Knowledge Base.)
B. Customers Who Have Positions in Russian Securities
The U.S. and other governments have specifically sanctioned certain Russian companies that issue securities, meaning these securities cannot be traded or transferred. In addition, the U.S. has prohibited the purchase of new and existing debt and equity securities issued by all Russian companies. As a result, trading in all Russian securities has been either fully or partially restricted.
1. What Russian securities have been restricted?
Certain Russian securities subject to specific sanctions were fully restricted on May 25, 2022. You currently cannot trade or transfer your positions in any sanctioned Russian security.
As of June 6, 2022, you cannot open new positions (long or short) in non-sanctioned Russian securities. However, you may sell or hold your positions in non-sanctioned Russian securities.
1. If I hold sanctioned Russian securities, can I access my account?
Yes, you will have full access to your IBKR account. However, you will not be able to trade or transfer any positions in any sanctioned Russian security.
2. Can I trade or transfer my positions in sanctioned Russian securities to another broker?
No. Positions in sanctioned Russian securities are frozen. You are not able to trade or transfer these positions until the sanctions are lifted or you receive a specific license from OFAC.
3. Can I receive Dividends on Sanctioned Russian Securities
No. IBKR is not allocated the dividend from the custodian and is prohibited from processing dividend payments on sanctioned securities.
4. How will Corporate Actions be processed on sanctioned Russian Securities?
IBKR will not perform processing on sanctioned Russian securities including Corporate Actions that would change the value of your position in the security (including conversions of securities positions into cash, such as via mandatory tender offer or cash merger or new rights or positions).Stock splits and other corporate actions that do not change the economic value of your position may be processed.
UK and Canadian Sanctioned Securities:
1. What additional sanctions apply to U.K. and Canadians Persons?
The U.K. and Canada imposed their own sanctions on certain Russian issuers, on top of those issued by the U.S. and EU. U.K. and Canadian persons (including IBUK and IB Canada customers, and citizens/residents of the U.K. or Canada) may be fully restricted from trading or transferring positions in Russian issuers sanctioned by these jurisdictions. These issuers are listed or were previously listed on the Moscow Stock Exchange, the Vienna Stock Exchange, the Stuttgart Stock Exchange, and the Nasdaq Stock Market. For the most recent list of issuers, please see: Which Russian securities have been specifically sanctioned?
For IBUK, Citizens of the U.K. (including U.K Territory), and Any Person Located in the U.K. or a U.K. Territory:
Non-Sanctioned Russian Securities
1. What are the restrictions on non-sanctioned Russian securities?
The U.S. sanctions prohibit U.S. financial institutions from facilitating the purchase of securities of any Russian company. This means that you cannot open new positions in Russian securities, including their derivatives.
2. Do I have to sell my positions in non-sanctioned Russian issuers?
No. You may hold your existing positions in non-sanctioned Russian securities or sell your positions, as you choose. Please keep in mind that your ability to close positions may be limited by exchange or local rules. For example, current restrictions by the Central Bank of Russia prevent IBKR clients from making any trades (opening or closing) on the Moscow Stock Exchange.
3. Is there a deadline for selling non-sanctioned Russian securities?
No, there is no wind-down period to divest. You may sell your positions in non-sanctioned Russian securities at any time so long as the market for that security is open to IBKR for trading. For instance, IBKR does not currently have access to the Moscow Stock Exchange.
4. Can I continue to purchase Russian securities or sovereign debt in the secondary market?
No, the prohibitions apply to any debt or equity security issued by a Russian entity, including sovereign debt. You can sell your Russian securities or debt positions or hold them, but you cannot make new purchases.
5. Can I convert my ADRs and GDRs in non-sanctioned Russian securities?
IBKR is not supporting conversions of your ADRs and GDRs into RUB-based securities that deliver to your IBKR account. We may, on a best-efforts basis, facilitate conversions in which the underlying shares are delivered to a non-IBKR account. We discuss ADRs and GDRs in more detail below.
6. Can I transfer my position in non-sanctioned Russian securities?
Yes, you can transfer these positions to another brokerage account in your name, assuming the receiving broker will accept the positions.
7. Can I receive dividends on non-sanctioned Russian securities?
Due to changes made by the Russian Central Bank, IBKR is not facilitating the payment of dividends on any Russian securities. Clients should contact the issuer to receive their dividends.
8. How will corporate actions relating to my non-sanctioned Russian securities be processed?
At this time, we note that many corporate actions on non-sanctioned Russian securities do not appear to be getting processed by our Custodian Bank. To the extent our Custodian Bank processes the corporate action, IBKR will apply the corporate action to client accounts.
C. Customers from Certain Regions in Ukraine
The Luhansk and Donetsk Regions
In February 2022, the U.S., U.K., and EU issued a series of sanctions against Russia related to its actions in Ukraine. The sanctions include restrictions for persons and entities in the Luhansk and Donetsk provinces, similar to the 2014 Crimean sanctions.
- Why is my account restricted?
Your account lists an address that is located in the Luhansk or Donetsk region in Ukraine. The U.S. government issued sanctions specifically focused on two regions of Ukraine, Luhansk and Donetsk. These sanctions allowed a short wind-down period, which ended March 23, 2022. IBKR, as a U.S. financial institution, is required to limit the transactions clients from those regions can conduct.
- I no longer live in the Luhansk People’s Republic (“LNR”) or Donetsk People’s Republic (“DNR”). I live outside of those areas. Why is my account restricted?
IBKR has placed restrictions based on its account records and the information available to it. If you currently live outside of the LNR or DNR, please update your address on file and submit a current document to verify your address (such as a utility bill). We will review the information you provide and consider whether restrictions can be lifted.
- What are the restrictions?
For Individual/Joint Customers
As of March 23, 2022, clients with addresses in the LNR or DNR cannot make any trades, or transfer positions, unless the U.S. sanctions are lifted or authorization is granted by OFAC. You cannot make deposits at this time but you may make a withdrawal to an account in your name for personal, non-commercial purposes. We will require you to confirm this before the withdrawal.
For Org Customers
The sanctions do not allow organization or trust accounts to trade, transfer or withdraw funds now that the wind down period ended.
- What do I have to do to remove the restrictions?
If you have moved from the LNR or DNR but did not update your account information, please update your address on file and provide a current proof of address document demonstrating that you do not reside in the LNR or DNR. We will review the information and let you know whether the restrictions can be removed.
Alternatively, you can contact the US Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) and apply for a specific license on OFAC’s website. (OFAC License Application Page)
The Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Regions
For IBIE and IBCE Only:
In October 2022, the EU announced additional sanctions against Russia for its continued activity in Ukraine. These sanctions include restrictions for persons and entities in the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions of Ukraine, similar to the 2014 Crimean sanctions and the restrictions imposed on the Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts in February 2022. As a result of the new EU sanctions, Interactive Brokers Ireland (“IBIE”) and Interactive Brokers Central Europe (“IBCE”) cannot do business with any person or entity located in the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia territories.
D. Customers Who Bank Through Sanctioned Banks
The U.S., U.K., and EU sanctioned a number of leading Russian banks, generally prohibiting transactions with these banks.
1. What are the sanctions?
Under the sanctions, customers are not allowed to deposit from, or withdraw to, a sanctioned bank. The sanctions included wind down periods that have ended.
2. What banks are impacted by the sanctions?
The following Russian banks and their subsidiaries have been sanctioned by the U.S., U.K., and/or the EU, disconnected from the global banking network SWIFT, or both. IBKR is therefore unable to accommodate deposits or withdrawals through these banks.
- Sberbank (disconnected from SWIFT)
- Alfa Bank
- VTB (disconnected from SWIFT)
- Bank Rossiya (disconnected from SWIFT)
- Otkritie (disconnected from SWIFT)
- Novikombank (disconnected from SWIFT)
- Promsvyazbank (disconnected from SWIFT)
- Sovcombank (disconnected from SWIFT)
- VEB (disconnected from SWIFT)
- Transkapitalbank
- Investtradebank
- Rosselkhozbank (disconnected from SWIFT)
- Moscow Credit Bank (disconnected from SWIFT)
The following banks are also subject to U.K. sanctions, which apply to all clients of Interactive Brokers (U.K.) Ltd. (IBUK):
- GazPromBank
- SMP Bank
- Ural Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
IBUK customers cannot currently deposit from, or withdraw to, any of these sanctioned banks.
3. Do I have to close my IBKR account if I bank through one of the sanctioned banks?
These sanctions on banks do not require you to close your IBKR account. IBKR just can’t process deposits or withdrawals involving a sanctioned bank.
4. Can I add different banking instructions?
Yes, you are welcome to add new banking instructions for an account at a non-sanctioned bank. Please note that IBKR has long maintained restrictions on certain patterns of deposit and withdrawal activity, which will remain in effect. For more information on these restrictions, click here.
E. Restrictions Affecting Russian or Belarusian Nationals, Citizens, and/or Residents
Certain sanctions only impact Russian or Belarusian nationals, citizens, and/or residents.
1. I am a Russian citizen. Will I be able to trade my non-sanctioned Russian stocks on MOEX?
IBKR is a foreign broker and is restricted by the Russian government from trading on the Moscow Stock Exchange (MOEX). Therefore, you will not be able to trade on MOEX through your IBKR account.
1. I am a Russian (or Belarusian) national or resident. Why can’t I trade on EU exchanges?
The EU imposed sanctions prohibiting the sale or transfer of euro-denominated securities issued after April 12, 2022 (including proceeds of corporate actions) to Russian or Belarusian nationals (defined as all citizens of these countries who do not live in the EU) or people or entities located in Russia or Belarus.
In order to comply with these sanctions, IBKR has restricted Russian and Belarusian nationals or residents, and entities located in Russia or Belarus or owned by Russian or Belarusian nationals or residents, from opening new positions or increasing existing positions (long or short) in any financial instrument in European exchanges, any financial instrument denominated in an EU currency, traded on any exchange, and any financial instrument that would be custodied at an EU Central Securities Depository.
Market Data Restrictions
1. I am a resident of Russia. Why can’t I see market data for NYSE and Nasdaq?
Due to Russia’s continued involvement in Ukraine, NYSE and Nasdaq have suspended the provision of market data services to individuals and entities located in Russia. IBKR does not know when NYSE and Nasdaq will resume these services.
Hong Kong Investor Identification Regime
Background:
To enhance market surveillance capabilities and maintain market integrity, the Securities and Futures Commission (“SFC”) has introduced the Hong Kong Investor Identification Regime (“HKIDR”).
Once implemented, all securities trades placed on, or off-exchange trades obligated to be reported to, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited ("SEHK") must be tagged with a client identifier and the corresponding identification details must be provided to the SEHK.
For further information, refer to the SFC website.
Compliance requirements:
To comply with the HKIDR obligations, all relevant SFC licensed corporations and registered institutions (“RRI”) are required to assign a Broker-Client-Assigned-Number (“BCAN”) to each client of theirs with capabilities to trade securities on the SEHK.
From the 20th of March 2023, RRIs are required to provide the SEHK with the clients’ identification data (“CID”) and the corresponding BCAN. All SEHK securities orders will be tagged with the BCAN number to enable the SEHK & SFC to identify the end beneficiary.
What client identification data (“CID”) is provided to SEHK?
Under HKIDR, the following identification data must be provided to the SEHK for any clients with SEHK trading permissions in place.
| Individual Clients & Trustees |
Corporate Clients & Trustees
|
|
Full legal name as shown on the identification document
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Full legal name as shown on the identification document
|
|
Identity document’s issuing country or jurisdiction
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Identity document’s issuing country or jurisdiction
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|
Identity document type (in order of priority):
1- HKID Card (required for HK residents)
2- National identification document (containing the clients name in English &/ Chinese)
3- Passport
|
Identity document type (in order of priority):
1- Legal Entity Identifier Registration document
2- Certificate of Incorporation / Formation
|
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Identity document number on the identity document
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Identity document number on the identity document
|
How can clients opt out from their CID being provided to SEHK?
Clients can opt out of sharing their CID under the HKIDR by requesting the removal of their relevant trading permissions. Once removed, existing positions can continue to be held or closed without the clients BCAN being tagged to the orders or CID being shared with the exchange.
However, before trading permission can be removed, clients must close any short positions or stock options that could result in a short stock position as buying in the positions requires a BCAN & CID submission.
Which trading permissions are impacted?
The new regime concerns all securities listed or traded on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (“SEHK”) and affects the following trading permissions:
- Hong Kong Stocks
- Hong Kong Stock Short Selling
- Hong Kong Stock Options
- Hong Kong Bonds
- Hong Kong Warrants
How will existing Interactive Brokers Clients be impacted?
- In preparation for HKIDR, all individuals with an Interactive Brokers Hong Kong Ltd account, and any of the above trading permissions in place, will be requested to confirm in Client Portal if they wish to retain their trading permissions under the new requirements.
- Clients that fail to provide a confirmation by 9th of March 2023 will have their impacted trading permissions removed to prevent their identification details being shared unwillingly. If trading permissions are removed, clients can request the permissions be added back at any time via the Settings > Account Settings > Trading Permissions menu item in the Client Portal.
- Clients requesting to remove their impacted trading permissions that are holding an open short stock position, or stock option position that could lead to a short stock position, will need to close the positions by the cutoff date communicated to avoid them being closed on their behalf at the prevailing market price. Long positions can continue to be held or close without CID being shared with SEHK.
- The HK Client Agreements and Disclosures has been updated to accommodate the HKIDR requirements:
Disclaimer:
The above information is provided for convenience. IBKR does not guarantee the information for either accuracy or completeness. There may be subsequent changes to the HKIDR and clients should refer directly to the SFC website for more information: https://www.sfc.hk/en/Rules-and-standards/Investor-Identification-and-OTC-Securities-Transactions-Reporting
Overview of ASIC CFD Rules Implementation at IBKR (Australia) - Retail Investors Only
|
CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money. |
The Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) enacted new rules applicable to retail clients trading CFDs, effective 29 March 2021. Wholesale or Professional Investor clients are unaffected.
The rules consist of: 1) leverage limits; 2) a margin close out rule on a per account basis; 3) negative balance protection on a per account basis; 4) a restriction on the incentives offered to trade CFDs; and 5) a standardized risk warning.
All clients are initially categorised as Retail Clients. IBKR may in certain circumstances agree to reclassify a Retail Client as a Wholesale or Professional Investor Client. Refer to this link for information regarding Australian regulatory status under IBKR Australia
The following sections detail how IBKR (Australia) has implemented the ASIC Decision.
1 Leverage Limits
1.1 ASIC Margins
Leverage limits were set by ASIC at different levels depending on the underlying:
- 3.33% for major currency pairs; Major currency pairs are any combination of AUD; USD; CAD; EUR; GBP; CHF; JPY
- 5% for non-major currency pairs and major indices;
- Non-major currency pairs are any combination that includes a currency not listed above, e.g. USD.CNH
- Major indices are IBUS500; IBUS30; IBUST100; IBGB100; IBDE40; IBEU50; IBFR40; IBJP225; IBAU200
- 10% for non-major equity indices; IBES35; IBCH20; IBNL25; IBHK50
- 20% for individual equities
1.2 Applied Margins - Standard Requirement
In addition to the ASIC Margins, IBKR (Australia) establishes its own margin requirements (IB Margins) based on the historical volatility of the underlying, and other factors. We will apply the IB Margins if they are higher than those prescribed by ASIC.
Details of applicable IB and ASIC margins can be found here.
1.2.1 Applied Margins - Concentration Minimum
A concentration charge is applied if your portfolio consists of a small number of stock or CFD positions, or if the two largest positions have a dominant weight. We stress the portfolio by applying a 30% adverse move on the two largest positions and a 5% adverse move on the remaining positions. The total loss is applied as the maintenance margin requirement if it is greater than the standard requirement.
1.3 Funds Available for Initial Margin
Your account must have sufficient equity to post initial margin to open a CFD position. Account equity includes cash, unsettled realized profits and unrealized profits from existing CFD and non-CFD positions.
2 Margin Close Out Rule
2.1 Maintenance Margin Calculations & Liquidations
ASIC requires IBKR to liquidate CFD positions latest when account equity falls below 50% of the initial margin posted to open the positions. IBKR may close out positions sooner if our risk view is more conservative.
The basis for the calculation is the initial margin posted at the time of opening a CFD position. In other words, and unlike margin calculations applicable to non-CFD positions, the initial margin amount does not change when the value of the open position changes.
2.1.1 Example
You have AUD 2000 cash in your account and no positions. You want to buy 100 CFDs of XYZ at a limit price of EUR 100. You are first filled 50 CFDs and then the remaining 50. Your available equity for additional positions reduces by the initial margin requirement as your trades are filled:
| Cash | Equity* | Position | Price | Value | Unrealized P&L | IM | MM | Available Equity* | Excess Equity* | MM Violation | |
| Pre Trade | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | 2000 | |||||||
| Post Trade 1 | 2000 | 2000 | 50 | 100 | 5000 | 0 | 1000 | 500 | 1000 | 1500 | No |
| Post Trade 2 | 2000 | 2000 | 100 | 100 | 10000 | 0 | 2000 | 1000 | 0 | 1000 | No |
*Equity equals Cash plus Unrealized P&L. Available equity is equity in excess of initial margin requirements. Excess equity is equity in excess of maintenance margin requirements.
The price increases to 110. Your equity is now 3000, and your available equity has increased correspondingly:
| Cash | Equity | Position | Price | Value | Unrealized P&L | IM | MM | Available Equity | Excess Equity | MM Violation | |
| Change | 2000 | 3000 | 100 | 110 | 11000 | 1000 | 2000 | 1000 | 1000 | 2000 | No |
The price then drops to 95. Your equity declines to 1500 and you can no longer open additional positions but there is no margin violation since it is still greater than the 1000 requirement:
| Cash | Equity | Position | Price | Value | Unrealized P&L | IM | MM | Available Equity | Excess Equity | MM Violation | |
| Change | 2000 | 1500 | 100 | 95 | 9500 | (500) | 2000 | 1000 | -500 | 500 | No |
The price falls further to 85, causing a margin violation and triggering a liquidation:
| Cash | Equity | Position | Price | Value | Unrealized P&L | IM | MM | Available Equity | Excess Equity | MM Violation | |
| Change | 2000 | 500 | 100 | 85 | 8500 | (1500) | 2000 | 1000 | -1500 | -500 | Yes |
3 Negative Equity Protection
The ASIC Decision limits your CFD-related liability to the assets in your IBKR account, meaning all assets in your IBKR account can be liquidated to satisfy a CFD margin-deficit
Therefore assets in your account, including CFD and non-CFD assets can be used to cover losses arising from CFD trading, with your CFD positions being liqudated first, followed by your non CFD positions.
4 Incentives Offered to trade CFDs
The ASIC Decision imposes a ban on monetary and certain types of non-monetary benefits related to CFD trading. IBKR does not offer any bonus or other incentives to trade CFDs.
Related Articles
Interactive Brokers Ireland Limited – MiFID Categorisation
Introduction
The European Union legislative act known as the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive, or MiFID, as amended by MiFID II, requires Interactive Brokers Ireland Limited (IBIE) to classify each Client according to their knowledge, experience and expertise: "Retail", "Professional" or "Eligible Counterparty".
In accordance with MiFID II rules, IBIE categorises most clients as Retail clients, providing them with a higher degree of protection.
Only those clients that are either regulated entities or funds managed by regulated fund managers, are categorised as Per Se Professional Clients.
The main differences in regulatory protections afforded to Professional Clients as compared with Retails Clients are:
1. Description of the nature and risks of packaged investments: A firm that offers an investment service with another service or product or as a condition of the same agreement with a retail client must: (i) inform retail clients if the risks resulting from the agreement are likely to be different from the risks associated with the components when taken separately; and (ii) provide retail clients with an adequate description of the different components of the agreement and the way in which its interaction modifies the risks. The above requirements do not apply in respect of professional clients. However, IBIE will not make such differentiation apart from the case specified under point 3 below.
2. Investor protection measures on the provision of Contracts for Differences (“CFDs”): The European Securities and Markets Authority (“ESMA”) introduced product intervention measures on the provision of CFDs to retail investors. The measures include: (i) New leverage limits on the opening of a position, which vary according to the volatility of the underlying; (ii) A margin close out rule on a per account basis that standardises the percentage of margin at which providers are required to close out one or more open CFDs; (iii) Negative balance protection on a per account basis;
(iv) A restriction on the incentives offered to trade CFDs; and (v) A standardised risk warning, including the percentage of losses on a CFD provider’s retail investor accounts. The above requirements do not apply in respect of professional clients.
(iv) A restriction on the incentives offered to trade CFDs; and (v) A standardised risk warning, including the percentage of losses on a CFD provider’s retail investor accounts. The above requirements do not apply in respect of professional clients.
3. Communication with clients: A firm must ensure that its communications with all clients are fair, clear and not misleading. However, the way in which a firm may communicate with professional clients (about itself, its services and products, and its remuneration) may be different from the way in which the firm communicates with retail clients. A firm’s obligations in respect of the level of details, medium and timing of the provision of information are different depending on whether the client is a retail or professional client. The requirements to deliver certain product-specific documents, such as Key Information Documents (“KID”) for Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products (“PRIIPs”), are not applied to professional clients.
4. Depreciation in value reporting: A firm that holds a retail client account that includes positions in leveraged financial instruments or contingent liability transactions must inform the retail client, where the initial value of each instrument depreciates by 10 per cent and thereafter at multiples of 10 per cent. The above requirements do not apply in respect of professional clients.
5. Appropriateness: When assessing appropriateness for non-advised services, a firm may be required to determine whether the client has the necessary experience and knowledge in order to understand the risks involved in relation to the product or service offered or demanded. Where such an appropriateness assessment requirement applies in respect of a client, the firm may assume that a professional client has the necessary experience and knowledge in order to understand the risks involved in relation to those particular investment services or transactions, or types of transaction or product, for which the client is classified as a professional client. A firm may not make such an assumption for a retail client and must determine that a retail client does have the necessary level of experience and knowledge.
IBIE provides non-advised services and is not required to request information or adhere to the assessment procedures for a professional client when assessing the appropriateness of a given service or product as with a retail client, and IBIE may not be required to give warnings to the professional client if it cannot determine appropriateness with respect to a given service or product.
6. The Financial Services and Pensions Ombudsman (FSPO): The services of the FSPO in Ireland may not be available to professional clients, unless they are, for example, a consumer, or a limited company, sole trader, a trust, a club, a charity or a partnership, subject to certain turnover limitations.
7. Compensation: IBIE is a member of the Irish Investor Compensation Scheme. You may be entitled to claim compensation from that scheme if IBIE cannot meet its obligations to you. This will depend on the type of business and the circumstances of the claim; compensation is only available for certain types of claimants and claims in respect of certain types of business. Eligibility for compensation from the scheme is determined under the rules applicable to the scheme.
Re-categorisation as Professional Client
IBIE allows its Retail Clients to request to be re-categorised as Professional Clients. Clients are notified of their Client Category and can check it at any time from Account Management, under Settings> Account Settings> MiFID Client Category. From this same screen, Clients can also request to change their MiFID Category.
IBIE will consider re-categorising Retail Clients to Professional Clients in two instances:
1. Per Se Professional Clients can notify IBIE that they consider that they should have been categorised as Per Se Professionals under the MiFID II rules, because at least one of the following conditions applies:
(i) authorised or regulated to operate in the financial markets; or
(ii) a large undertaking meeting two of the following size requirements on a company basis:
(a) balance sheet total of EUR 20,000,000;
(b) net turnover of EUR 40,000,000;
(c) own funds of EUR 2,000,000;
(iii) an institutional investor whose main activity is to invest in financial instruments. This includes entities dedicated to the securitisation of assets or other financing transactions.
2. IBIE may treat Clients as Elective Professional Clients if, based on an assessment of the Client’s expertise, experience, and knowledge, IBIE is reasonably assured that, in light of the nature of the transactions or services envisaged, the Client is capable of making its own investment decisions and understand the risks involved. Clients who do not meet the requirements to be categorised as Per Se Professional Clients can still request to be categorised as Elective Professional Clients.
To obtain such re-categorisation, Retail Clients must provide evidence that they satisfy at least two (2) of the following criteria:
1. Over the last four (4) quarters, the Client conducted trades in financial instruments in significant size at an average frequency of ten (10) per quarter.
To determine the significant size IBIE considers the following:
a. During the last four quarters, there were at least forty (40) trades; and
b. During each of the last four (4) quarters, there was at least one (1) trade; and
c. The total notional value of the top forty (40) trades of the last four (4) quarters is greater than EUR 200,000; and
d. The account has a net asset value greater than EUR 50,000.
b. During each of the last four (4) quarters, there was at least one (1) trade; and
c. The total notional value of the top forty (40) trades of the last four (4) quarters is greater than EUR 200,000; and
d. The account has a net asset value greater than EUR 50,000.
Trades in Spot FX are not considered for the purpose of this calculation.
2. The Client holds a portfolio of financial instruments (including cash) that exceeds EUR 500,000 (or equivalent);
3. The Client is an individual accountholder or a trader of an organisation account who works or has worked in the financial sector for at least one year in a professional position which requires knowledge of products it trades in.
Upon review and verification of the information and supporting evidence provided, IBIE will re-categorise clients if all relevant conditions are met to satisfaction.
Retail Clients requesting to be re-categorised as Professional Accounts must read and understand the warning provided by IBIE before the relevant request is submitted.
Re-categorisation as Retail Client
Professional Clients can request IBIE to be re-categorised as Retail Clients, from the same Account Management page described above (under Settings> Account Settings> MiFID Client Category).
With the sole exception of regulated entities or funds managed by regulated fund managers, which are categorised as Per Se Professional Clients, IBIE accepts all such requests.
THIS INFORMATION IS GUIDANCE FOR INTERACTIVE BROKERS FULLY DISCLOSED CLEARED CUSTOMERS ONLY.
NOTE: THE INFORMATION ABOVE IS NOT INTENDED TO BE A COMPREHENSIVE, EXHAUSTIVE NOR A DEFINITIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE REGULATION, BUT A SUMMARY OF IBIE’s APPROACH TO CLIENT CATEGORISATION AND RE-CATEGORISATION POLICY.
NOTE: THE INFORMATION ABOVE IS NOT INTENDED TO BE A COMPREHENSIVE, EXHAUSTIVE NOR A DEFINITIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE REGULATION, BUT A SUMMARY OF IBIE’s APPROACH TO CLIENT CATEGORISATION AND RE-CATEGORISATION POLICY.
Interactive Brokers Central Europe Zrt. – MiFID Categorisation
Introduction
The European Union legislative act known as the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive, or MiFID, as amended by MiFID II, requires Interactive Brokers Central Europe Zrt. (IBCE) to classify each Client according to their knowledge, experience and expertise: "Retail", "Professional" or "Eligible Counterparty".
In accordance with MiFID II rules, IBCE categorises most clients as Retail clients, providing them with a higher degree of protection.
Only those clients that are either regulated entities or funds managed by regulated fund managers, are categorised as Per Se Professional Clients.
The main differences in regulatory protections afforded to Professional Clients as compared with Retails Clients are:
1. Description of the nature and risks of packaged investments: A firm that offers an investment service with another service or product or as a condition of the same agreement with a retail client must: (i) inform retail clients if the risks resulting from the agreement are likely to be different from the risks associated with the components when taken separately; and (ii) provide retail clients with an adequate description of the different components of the agreement and the way in which its interaction modifies the risks. The above requirements do not apply in respect of professional clients. However, IBCE will not make such differentiation apart from the case specified under point 3 below.
2. Investor protection measures on the provision of Contracts for Differences (“CFDs”): The European Securities and Markets Authority (“ESMA”) introduced product intervention measures on the provision of CFDs to retail investors. The measures include: (i) New leverage limits on the opening of a position, which vary according to the volatility of the underlying; (ii) A margin close out rule on a per account basis that standardises the percentage of margin at which providers are required to close out one or more open CFDs; (iii) Negative balance protection on a per account basis;
(iv) A restriction on the incentives offered to trade CFDs; and (v) A standardised risk warning, including the percentage of losses on a CFD provider’s retail investor accounts. The above requirements do not apply in respect of professional clients.
(iv) A restriction on the incentives offered to trade CFDs; and (v) A standardised risk warning, including the percentage of losses on a CFD provider’s retail investor accounts. The above requirements do not apply in respect of professional clients.
3. Communication with clients: A firm must ensure that its communications with all clients are fair, clear and not misleading. However, the way in which a firm may communicate with professional clients (about itself, its services and products, and its remuneration) may be different from the way in which the firm communicates with retail clients. A firm’s obligations in respect of the level of details, medium and timing of the provision of information are different depending on whether the client is a retail or professional client. The requirements to deliver certain product-specific documents, such as Key Information Documents (“KID”) for Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products (“PRIIPs”), are not applied to professional clients.
4. Depreciation in value reporting: A firm that holds a retail client account that includes positions in leveraged financial instruments or contingent liability transactions must inform the retail client, where the initial value of each instrument depreciates by 10 per cent and thereafter at multiples of 10 per cent. The above requirements do not apply in respect of professional clients.
5. Appropriateness: When assessing appropriateness for non-advised services, a firm may be required to determine whether the client has the necessary experience and knowledge in order to understand the risks involved in relation to the product or service offered or demanded. Where such an appropriateness assessment requirement applies in respect of a client, the firm may assume that a professional client has the necessary experience and knowledge in order to understand the risks involved in relation to those particular investment services or transactions, or types of transaction or product, for which the client is classified as a professional client. A firm may not make such an assumption for a retail client and must determine that a retail client does have the necessary level of experience and knowledge.
IBCE provides non-advised services and is not required to request information or adhere to the assessment procedures for a professional client when assessing the appropriateness of a given service or product as with a retail client, and IBCE may not be required to give warnings to the professional client if it cannot determine appropriateness with respect to a given service or product.
6. Compensation: IBCE is a member of the Hungarian Investor Protection Funds. Retail Clients may be entitled to claim compensation from the Fund in the event that i/ the Central Bank of Hungary initiates liquidation proceedings of IBCE or ii/ a court orders the liquidation of IBCE. The compensation provided by the Fund cover claims arising from contracts entered into within the agreement with IBCE of brokerage activity, securities custody, securities account management and client account management activities performed by IBCE. Eligibility for compensation from the Fund is determined under the rules applicable to the scheme.
Re-categorisation as Professional Client
IBCE allows its Retail Clients to request to be re-categorised as Professional Clients. Clients are notified of their Client Category and can check it at any time from Account Management, under Settings> Account Settings> MiFID Client Category. From this same screen, Clients can also request to change their MiFID Category.
IBCE will consider re-categorising Retail Clients to Professional Clients in two instances:
1. Per Se Professional Clients can notify IBCE that they consider that they should have been categorised as Per Se Professionals under the MiFID II rules, because at least one of the following conditions applies:
(i) authorised or regulated to operate in the financial markets; or
(ii) a large undertaking meeting two of the following size requirements on a company basis:
(a) balance sheet total of EUR 20,000,000;
(b) net turnover of EUR 40,000,000;
(c) own funds of EUR 2,000,000;
(iii) an institutional investor whose main activity is to invest in financial instruments. This includes entities dedicated to the securitisation of assets or other financing transactions.
2. IBCE may treat Clients as Elective Professional Clients if, based on an assessment of the Client’s expertise, experience, and knowledge, IBCE is reasonably assured that, in light of the nature of the transactions or services envisaged, the Client is capable of making its own investment decisions and understand the risks involved. Clients who do not meet the requirements to be categorised as Per Se Professional Clients can still request to be categorised as Elective Professional Clients.
To obtain such re-categorisation, Retail Clients must provide evidence that they satisfy at least two (2) of the following criteria:
1. Over the last four (4) quarters, the Client conducted trades in financial instruments in significant size at an average frequency of ten (10) per quarter.
To determine the significant size IBCE considers the following:
a. During the last four quarters, there were at least forty (40) trades; and
b. During each of the last four (4) quarters, there was at least one (1) trade; and
c. The total notional value of the top forty (40) trades of the last four (4) quarters is greater than EUR 400,000; and
d. The account has a net asset value greater than EUR 50,000.
b. During each of the last four (4) quarters, there was at least one (1) trade; and
c. The total notional value of the top forty (40) trades of the last four (4) quarters is greater than EUR 400,000; and
d. The account has a net asset value greater than EUR 50,000.
Trades in Spot FX are not considered for the purpose of this calculation.
2. The Client holds a portfolio of financial instruments (including cash) that exceeds EUR 500,000 (or equivalent);
3. The Client is an individual accountholder or a trader of an organisation account who works or has worked in the financial sector for at least one year in a professional position which requires knowledge of products it trades in.
Upon review and verification of the information and supporting evidence provided, IBCE will re-categorise clients if all relevant conditions are met to satisfaction.
Retail Clients requesting to be re-categorised as Professional Accounts must read and understand the warning provided by IBCE before the relevant request is submitted.
Re-categorisation as Retail Client
Professional Clients can request IBCE to be re-categorised as Retail Clients, from the same Account Management page described above (under Settings> Account Settings> MiFID Client Category).
With the sole exception of regulated entities or funds managed by regulated fund managers, which are categorised as Per Se Professional Clients, IBCE accepts all such requests.
THIS INFORMATION IS GUIDANCE FOR INTERACTIVE BROKERS FULLY DISCLOSED CLEARED CUSTOMERS ONLY.
NOTE: THE INFORMATION ABOVE IS NOT INTENDED TO BE A COMPREHENSIVE, EXHAUSTIVE NOR A DEFINITIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE REGULATION, BUT A SUMMARY OF IBCE’s APPROACH TO CLIENT CATEGORISATION AND RE-CATEGORISATION POLICY.
NOTE: THE INFORMATION ABOVE IS NOT INTENDED TO BE A COMPREHENSIVE, EXHAUSTIVE NOR A DEFINITIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE REGULATION, BUT A SUMMARY OF IBCE’s APPROACH TO CLIENT CATEGORISATION AND RE-CATEGORISATION POLICY.
