The prices which IB uses to mark U.S. listed securities options as of the close of business each day (both TWS and statements) originate from the Options Clearing Corporation (OCC). As the sole clearinghouse for these option products, OCC generates a closing price for each option contract in order to calculate the margin required of its members on whose behalf it clears transactions (e.g., IB) and also to supply the risk arrays used by brokers carrying portfolio margin accounts.
Its important to note that the prices generated by OCC are edited and therefore may not reflect the closing price as disseminated by any of its participant exchanges. They are edited primarily due to the fact that there is no consolidated quote provided for options, most of which are multiply listed and fungible across all seven exchanges (i.e., there may be seven different prices to choose from each day). As a result, OCC creates a single price as of the close which is theoretically consistent across all exchanges and reviewed to ensure that there are no arbitrage conditions across strikes or time.
In creating prices, OCC will start by taking the mid-point of the highest bid and lowest ask price across all listing exchanges, determining the implied volatility and then smoothing that implied volatility curve (for a given option class, type and expiration) through an iterative process which, in turn, adjusts the option mark prices. There are also rules enforced to cap volatility for certain deep in and deep out-of-the-money options. The resultant edited price is extended out to six decimal places. Due to the operational overhead of computing edited prices for the complete universe of option series, this process is performed only once per day as of the market close.
The ORF is an exchange fee which OCC collects from its clearing members, including IBKR. Its stated purpose is to assist in offsetting exchange costs relating to the supervision and regulation of the options market (e.g., routine surveillance, investigations, and policy, rule-making, interpretive and enforcement activities). The fee was initiated by the CBOE in mid-2009, by each of the BOX, ISE and PHLX in January 2010, by AMEX and ARCA in May 2011, by Nasdaq in January 2012, by C2 in August 2012, by Miami in January 2013, by ISE GEMINI in August 2013, by BATS in February 2015, by Nasdaq BX in February 2016, by BATS EDGX in February 2017, by PEARL in February 2017, by MERCURY and EMERALD in February 2019, and MEMX in September 2023. As of January 1, 2024, it is assessed to customer orders at a rate of $0.02685 per U.S. exchange listed option contract with the rate per exchange as follows:
EXCHANGE | ORF |
AMEX | 0.0038 |
ARCA | 0.0038 |
BATS | 0.0001 |
BOX | 0.00295 |
CBOE | 0.0017 |
C2 | 0.0002 |
EDGX | 0.0001 |
EMERALD | 0.0006 |
ISE | 0.0013 |
GEMINI | 0.0012 |
MERCURY | 0.0004 |
MIAX | 0.0019 |
MEMX | 0.0015 |
NOM | 0.0016 |
NASDAQBX | 0.0005 |
PEARL | 0.0018 |
PHLX | 0.0034 |
Total | 0.02685 |
Note that the ORF is assessed on all trades, both buys and sells, in addition to the IBKR commission charge as well as any existing exchange fees (e.g., liquidity removal) and will be reflected on the Activity Statement as a Regulatory Fee.
Accumulate/Distribute is a sophisticated trading algorithm which allows one to buy or sell large orders by splitting the trade into multiple orders with the goal of reducing visibility and market impact.
IMPORTANT NOTE
This algo will only operate when the trader is logged into the TWS. If the trader has been logged out prior to the algo completing (either by user action or by the automated nightly restart), a message will appear upon the next log in which will allow for re-activation of the algo.
The ScaleTrader is a sophisticated trading algorithm which allows one to enter a large quantity order that is executed in a series of increments or components, with each component being executed at a progressively better price.
Account holders hedging or offsetting the risk of futures contracts with option contracts are encouraged to pay particular attention to a potential scenario whereby a change in the underlying price may subject the account to a forced liquidation even if the account remains in margin compliance. This scenario is driven by a fundamental difference in which gains and losses are recognized in futures contracts vs. options contracts coupled with IB's requirement that the commodity segment of one's account maintain a positive cash balance at all times.
Gains and losses in a futures contract, by design, are settled in cash and IB updates the account holder's cash balance through the TWS on a real-time basis for any changes in the futures contract price. An option contract is also marked-to-the-market on a real-time basis but this change in value represents an unrealized (i.e., non-cash) profit or loss with the actual cash proceeds not reflected in the account until such time the contract is either sold, exercised or expires.
To illustrate this scenario, assume, for example, at time 'X' a hypothetical portfolio consisting of a credit cash balance of $6,850, 2 short Sep ES futures contracts, 2 Long Sep ES $1,000 strike call options on the futures contract marked at $31.50 each, with the cash index at $1,006. Also assume that at time 'X+1' the cash index increases by 100 points or approximately 10%. A snapshot of the account equity and margin balances for each date is reflected in the table below.
Portfolio | Time 'X' | Time 'X+1' | Change |
Cash | $6,850 | ($3,150) | ($10,000) |
2 Long Sep ES $1,000 Calls* | $3,150 | $10,300 | $7,150 |
2 Short Sep ES Futures* | - | - | - |
Total Equity | $10,000 | $7,150 | ($2,850) |
Margin Requirement | $2,712 | $666 | ($2,046) |
Margin Excess | $7,288 | $6,484 | ($804) |
*Note: the contract multiplier for the ES future and option is 50.
As reflected in the table above, the projected effect of this market move would be to decrease the cash balance to a deficit level based upon the mark-to-market or variation on the futures contracts of $10,000 (100 * 50 * 2). While the effect of this upon equity would be largely offset by a $7,150 increase in the market value of the long calls, the unrealized gain on the options has no effect upon cash until such time they are either sold, exercised or expire. In this instance, IB would act to liquidate positions in an amount sufficient to eliminate the cash deficit while maintaining margin compliance and attempting to preserve the greatest level of account equity.
While hypothetical in nature, this sample portfolio is intended to be illustrative of the liquidity risk associated with any portfolio containing futures and long options where the funding of any variation on the futures position must be supported by available cash or buying power from the securities segment of the account and not unrealized option gains.
Instruments handled by the ACATS system include the following asset classes: equities, options, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, mutual funds and cash. It should be noted; however, that ACATS eligibility does not guarantee that any given security will transfer as each receiving broker maintains its own requirements as to which asset classes as well as securities within a particular asset class it will accept.
Account holders are encouraged to use the Contract Search link on IB’s homepage to assess transfer eligibility prior to initiating a full account transfer request. In the case of mutual funds, please click here for a list of fund families and funds offered by IB.
The rejection of an ACATS transfer request is typically initiated by action of the delivering broker once that broker has had an opportunity to review the request and confirm the details of the account to be transferred. In the case of certain rejection notices (i.e., categories 1-5 and 10 below), the ACATS process affords the receiving broker (IB) a 24-hour window within which revised information may be transmitted and after which time the transfer request will require resubmission by the client. During this 24-hour window, IB will attempt to contact the transferring client in an effort to reconcile any discrepancies causing the initial rejection notice. Rejections generally fall into the following categories:
Rejections by the Receiving Broker:
10. Credit Violation - the result of the transfer if effected would be to place the account in margin deficit and subject to forced liquidation.
INTRODUCTION
US
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Canadian
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Equity
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Equity (short cycle, regular full cycle and long term)
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Index
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Index
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Yield Based
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Foreign Currency
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Short Dated
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Flex
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5-character Code
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21-character OSI Identifier*
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OSI Data Elements (minimum field size)
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||||||
Option Root
Symbol [6]* |
Yr
[2] |
Mo
[2] |
Day
[2] |
C/P
[1] |
Dollar
Strike [5] |
Decimal
Strike [3] |
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SZVXI
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SPX 111216P01900000
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SPX
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11
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12
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16
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P
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01900
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000
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WMFAW
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MSFT 100116C00047500
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MSFT
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10
|
01
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16
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C
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00047
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500
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Milestone Date | Action | Issues/Series Impacted | Effective Date |
Friday, March 12, 2010 | Initial group of options representing array of product scenarios to be consolidated (approx 12 classes) | Options associated with a strategic group of underlyings including adjusted and non-standard symbols | Monday, March 15, 2010 |
Saturday, March 20, 2010 | Standard Expiration | ||
Wednesday, March 31, 2010 | Quarterly Expiration | ||
Friday, April 9, 2010 | Consolidation of options whose primary underlying starts with the letters A-C (approx 503 classes) | All options associated with 'A-C' underlyings including adjusted and non-standard symbols | Monday, April 12, 2010 |
Saturday, April 17, 2010 | Standard Expiration | ||
Friday, April 23, 2010 | Consolidation of options whose primary underlying starts with the letters D-I (approx 486 classes) | All options associated with 'D-I' underlyings including adjusted and non-standard symbols | Monday, April 26, 2010 |
Friday, May 7, 2010 | Consolidation of options whose primary underlying starts with the letters J-IR(approx 575 classes) | All options associated with 'J-R' underlyings including adjusted and non-standard symbols | Monday, May 10, 2010 |
Friday, May 14, 2010 | Consolidation of options whose primary underlying starts with the letters S-Z (approx 503 classes) | All options associated with 'S-Z' underlyings including adjusted and non-standard symbols | Monday, May 17, 2010 |
By regulation, trading access to the Indian financial markets for individuals residing outside India is currently restricted to "Non-Resident Indians" ("NRIs") and "Financial Institution Intermediaries" ("FIIs") only.
NRI
NRIs are defined in the Indian Foreign Exchange Management Act of 1999 and the Indian Foreign Exchange Management Deposit Regulations of 2000.
In short, to qualify for NRI status you must:
a. Reside outside of India for more than 182 days per year, and;
b. Hold Indian citizenship, or;
c. Be a Person of Indian Origin as defined in the Indian Foreign Exchange Management Deposit Regulations of 2000.
Please note that applicants must satisfy criteria (a) and criteria (b) or (c) and will be prompted to review the aforementioned legislation and confirm their status at the point of application. To trade Indian products as an NRI, new or existing clients may apply for an account through the IBKR website.
FII
Currently not supported.
The TWS contains two checks to limit the possibility of clients entering trades at prices which are substantially inconsistent with that of the current market.
Under the first check, stock buy orders which are 10% above the prevailing NBBO ask price will be automatically rejected by IBKR as will stock sell orders which are 10% below the prevailing NBBO bid price. In the case of options, IBKR's automatic rejection threshold percentage for both buy and sell orders is 20%. When an order violating these parameters is transmitted, it will be rejected and a TWS pop-up window will be displayed with the following warning message: "Limit price too far outside NBBO" or "This order is not accepted. The limit price cannot be more than 10% through the NBBO.".
The second check relates to orders which are transmitted at prices which do not violate the parameters set by IBKR as outlined above, but which do violate parameters established by the account holder. Here the account holder is able to establish Precautionary Settings by selecting the Order and then Configure Order Presets menu options from the TWS. This will open up a window providing for the creation of price thresholds set in terms of percentage or the number of ticks outside of the NBBO (settings may also be defined in terms of share/contract quantity or total dollar value of trade). When an order violating the account holder's parameters is transmitted, it will be rejected and a TWS pop-up window will be displayed with the following warning message: "The price specified would violate the percentage constraint specified in the default order settings. Do you really want to submit this order?" Unlike in the case of the check set by IBKR, the account holder has the option of overriding their own settings and transmitting the order by clicking on the "Yes" button.