Aktien/ETFs

US

GBTC @ PINK

• Non-Professional
  • Level 1: OTC Markets (NP,L1)
  • Level 1: Vorteilspaket für US-Wertpapier-Momentaufnahmen und Futures (NP, L1)
  • Level 2: OTC Markets (NP,L2)
  • Level 2: Global OTC and OTC Markets (NP,L2)
• Professional
  • Level 1: OTC Markets (P,L1)
  • Level 1: Professional US Securities Snapshot Bundle (P,L1)
  • Level 2: OTC Markets (P,L2)
  • Level 2: Global OTC and OTC Markets (P,L2)

Nicht-US

BITCOINXB @ SFB

• Non-Professional
  • Level 1: Nordic Equity (NP,L1)
  • Level 2: Nordic Equity (NP,L2)
• Professional
  • Level 1: Nordic Equity (P,L1)
  • Level 2: Nordic Equity (P,L2)

COINETH @ SFB

• Non-Professional
  • Level 1: Nordic Equity (NP,L1)
  • Level 2: Nordic Equity (NP,L2)
• Professional
  • Level 1: Nordic Equity (P,L1)
  • Level 2: Nordic Equity (P,L2)

COINETHE @ SFB

• Non-Professional
  • Level 1: Nordic Equity (NP,L1)
  • Level 2: Nordic Equity (NP,L2)
• Professional
  • Level 1: Nordic Equity (P,L1)
  • Level 2: Nordic Equity (P,L2)

Indizes

BRR/BRTI @ CME

• Non-Professional
  • CME Real-Time Non-Professional Level 1
  • US Securities Snapshot and Futures Value Bundle (NP,L1)
• Professional
  • CME Real-Time Professional Level 2 (There is no CME Pro level 1 product)

NYXBT @ FWB/SWB

• Non-Professional
  • FWB: Spot Market Germany (Frankfurt/Xetra)(NP,L1)
  • SWB: Stuttgart Boerse incl. Euwax (SWB) (NP,L1)
• Professional
  • FWB: Spot Market Germany (Frankfurt/Xetra) (P,L1)
  • SWB: Stuttgart Boerse incl. Euwax (SWB) (P,L1)

Futures

BRR @ CME

ETHUSDRR @ CME

• Non-Professional
  • Level 1: CME Real-Time Non-Professional Level 1
  • Level 1: Vorteilspaket für US-Wertpapier-Momentaufnahmen und Futures (NP, L1)
  • Level 2: CME Real-Time Non-Professional Level 2
  • Level 2: US-Vorteilspaket PLUS (NP, L2)
    • Erfordert das Vorteilspaket für US-Wertpapier-Momentaufnahmen und Futures
    • Dies ist nur für Buchtiefe erhältlich
• Professional
  • Level 2: CME Real-Time Professional Level 2 (Es gibt kein Pro-Level-1-Produkt von der CME)

BAKKT @ ICECRYPTO

• Non-Professional
  • ICE Futures US (NP)
• Professional
  • ICE Futures US (P)

Zurück zum Inhaltsverzeichnis: Bitcoin und andere Kryptowährungsprodukte @ IBKR 

Background

Risk Navigator (SM) has two Adjusted Vega columns that you can add to your report pages via menu Metrics → Position Risk...: "Adjusted Vega" and "Vega x T^-1/2". A common question is what is our in-house time function that is used in the Adjusted Vega column and what is the aim of these columns. VR(T) is also generally used in our Stress Test or in the Risk Navigator custom scenario calculation of volatility index options (i.e VIX).

Abstract

Implied volatilities of two different options on the same underlying can change independently of each other. Most of the time the changes will have the same sign but not necessarily the same magnitude. In order to realistically aggregate volatility risk across multiple options into a single number, we need an assumption about relationship between implied volatility changes. In Risk Navigator, we always assume that within a single maturity, all implied volatility changes have the same sign and magnitude (i.e. a parallel shift of volatility curve). Across expiration dates, however, it is empirically known that short term volatility exhibits a higher variability than long term volatility, so the parallel shift is a poor assumption. This document outlines our approach based on volatility returns function (VR(T)). We also describe an alternative method developed to accommodate different requests.

VR(T) time decay

We applied the principal component analysis to study daily percentage changes of volatility as a function of time to maturity. In that study we found that the primary eigen-mode explains approximately 90% of the variance of the system (with second and third components explaining most of the remaining variance being the slope change and twist). The largest amplitude of change for the primary eigenvector occurs at very short maturities, and the amplitude monotonically decreases as time to expiration increase. The following graph shows the main eigenvector as a function of time (measured in calendar days). To smooth the numerically obtained curve, we parameterize it as a piecewise exponential function.

Functional Form: Amplitude vs. Calendar Days

To prevent the parametric function from becoming vanishingly small at long maturities, we apply a floor to the longer term exponential so the final implementation of this function is:

where bS=0.0180611, a=0.365678, bL=0.00482976, and ^T*=55.7 are obtained by fitting the main eigenvector to the parametric formula.

Inverse square root time decay

Another common approach to standardize volatility moves across maturities uses the factor 1/√T. As shown in the graph below, our house VR(T) function has a bigger volatility changes than this simplified model.

Time function comparison: Amplitude vs. Calendar Days

Adjusted Vega columns

Risk Navigator (SM) reports a computed Vega for each position; by convention, this is the p/l change per 1% increase in the volatility used for pricing.  Aggregating these Vega values thus provides the portfolio p/l change for a 1% across-the-board increase in all volatilities – a parallel shift of volatility.

However, as described above a change in market volatilities might not take the form of a parallel shift.  Empirically, we observe that the implied volatility of short-dated options tends to fluctuate more than that of longer-dated options.  This differing sensitivity is similar to the "beta" parameter of the Capital Asset Pricing Model.  We refer to this effect as term structure of volatility response.

By multiplying the Vega of an option position with an expiry-dependent quantity, we can compute a term-adjusted Vega intended to allow more accurate comparison of volatility exposures across expiries. Naturally the hoped-for increase in accuracy can only come about if the adjustment we choose turns out to accurately model the change in market implied volatility.

We offer two parametrized functions of expiry which can be used to compute this Vega adjustment to better represent the volatility sensitivity characteristics of the options as a function of time to maturity. Note that these are also referred as 'time weighted' or 'normalized' Vega.

Adjusted Vega

A column titled "Vega Adjusted" multiplies the Vega by our in-house VR(T) term structure function. This is available any option that is not a derivative of a Volatility Product ETP. Examples are SPX, IBM, VIX but not VXX.

Vega x T^-1/2

A column for the same set of products as above titled "Vega x T^-1/2" multiplies the Vega by the inverse square root of T (i.e. 1/√T) where T is the number of calendar days to expiry.

Aggregations

Cross over underlying aggregations are calculated in the usual fashion given the new values. Based on the selected Vega aggregation method we support None, Straight Add (SA) and Same Percentage Move (SPM). In SPM mode we summarize individual Vega values multiplied by implied volatility. All aggregation methods convert the values into the base currency of the portfolio.

Custom scenario calculation of volatility index options

Implied Volatility Indices are indexes that are computed real-time basis throughout each trading day just as a regular equity index, but they are measuring volatility and not price. Among the most important ones is CBOE's Marker Volatility Index (VIX). It measures the market's expectation of 30-day volatility implied by S&P 500 Index (SPX) option prices. The calculation estimates expected volatility by averaging the weighted prices of SPX puts and calls over a wide range of strike prices.

The pricing for volatility index options have some differences from the pricing for equity and stock index options. The underlying for such options is the expected, or forward, value of the index at expiration, rather than the current, or "spot" index value. Volatility index option prices should reflect the forward value of the volatility index (which is typically not as volatile as the spot index). Forward prices of option volatility exhibit a "term structure", meaning that the prices of options expiring on different dates may imply different, albeit related, volatility estimates.

For volatility index options like VIX the custom scenario editor of Risk Navigator offers custom adjustment of the VIX spot price and it estimates the scenario forward prices based on the current forward and VR(T) adjusted shock of the scenario adjusted index on the following way.

• Let S0 be the current spot index price, and
• S1 be the adjusted scenario index price.
• If F0 is the current real time forward price for the given option expiry, then
• F1 scenario forward price is F1 = F0 + (S1 - S0) x VR(T), where T is the number of calendar days to expiry.

All clients (IBKR Lite and Pro) have access to streaming real-time US equity quotes from Cboe One and IEX at no charge. Since this data does not include all markets, we cannot show this quote when entering parameters for a US stock quote. Therefore and according to FINRA's enforcement of the SEC rule, IBKR provides IBLLC US clients a free default snapshot service, “US Snapshots VDR Required”. If clients do not sign up for an NBBO US equity data service and they are an IBLLC client, they will have access to free real-time snapshots when making trading decisions on US stocks. Order routing will not change based on what is shown on the screen. If one is subscribed to NBBO quotes or not, by default the trade will still take place with the assistance of the SMART order router designed to provide the best price for the order.

Please see the sample screenshots below from TWS Classic and TWS Mosaic for what occurs when placing an order without the NBBO streaming subscription for US equities. 

TWS Classic:

1. Screenshot of quotes showing without order entry line item

2. Screenshot of quote going blank when putting in the order entry line item

TWS Mosaic:

1. Screenshot of quotes showing without order entry line item

2. Screenshot of quote going blank when putting in the order entry line item

IBKR stellt keine Echtzeit-Indexlevel für Indizes bereit, die von der FTSE-Group veröffentlicht werden. Das liegt an der unverhältnismäßig hohen Lizenzgebühr, die der FTSE von IBKR erfordern würde.

Betroffene Indizes hiervon sind der FTSE 100 und der FTSE MIB 40.

Stattdessen können Sie auf die „zuletzt” notierten Kurse für IBKR-CFDs, nämlich den IBUK100 und IBIT40, Bezug nehmen. Bei diesen handelt es sich um die Midpoints der CFD-Kursnotierungen sowie eine genaue Echtzeit-Darstellung gehandelter Kurse für die Futures-Kontrakte, die zu diesen Indizes zugehörig sind.

Insbesondere basieren Index-CFD-Kursnotierungen auf synthetischen Indizes, die berechnet werden, indem der Kurs des zugehörigen Futures mit geringer Restlaufzeit im Nachhinein auf den Fair Value angepasst wird.

Am Terminmarkt entspricht der Fair Value dem Gleichgewichtspreis für einen Future-Kontrakt. Dies ist der Preis, zu dem ein Anleger effektiv den angemessenen Zinssatz zahlt und für die Dividenden entschädigt wird, die ihm dadurch entgehen, dass er das Future anstelle der zugrunde liegenden Aktien hält. Zur Erstellung synthetischer Indizes wird die Anpassung des Fair Values umgekehrt.

Das Ergebnis stimmt nicht notwendigerweise mit demselben Wert wie dem Cash-Index genau überein, da vor allem der Future möglicherweise über oder unter seinem Fair Value gehandelt wird. Wie bereits jedoch vorhin erläutert wurde, handelt es sich hierbei um eine genaue Darstellung der zum Index dazugehörigen Märkte in Echtzeit.

Obgleich z. B. der IBUK100 nicht direkt mit dem FTSE 100 in der TWS verglichen werden kann (da wir den Letzteren nicht anzeigen), können Sie das Verhältnis zwischen anderen Index-CFDs sowie Cash-Indizes verfolgen, indem Sie z. B. den IBUS500 mit dem S&P-500-Index vergleichen.