外匯(FX)入門

Overview: 

IB提供的交易場所和交易平臺既適用於專注外匯交易的交易者也適用於因多幣種股票和/或衍生品交易需要偶爾進行外匯交易的交易者。下方文章概述了在TWS平臺上下達外匯定單的基本要點以及報價管理和頭寸報告相關信息。

Background: 

外匯(FX)交易涉及同時買入一種貨幣並賣出另一種貨幣,兩種貨幣組合在一起通常被稱為交叉貨幣對。在下方例子中,EUR.USD交叉貨幣對中的前一種貨幣(EUR)為交易者想買入或賣出的交易貨幣,後一種貨幣(USD)則為結算貨幣

 

跳轉至指定主題;

 

外匯報價

貨幣對即外匯市場上一種貨幣單位相對於另一種貨幣單位的相對價值的報價。用以作為參考的貨幣被稱為報價貨幣,而參考該貨幣給出報價的貨幣則被稱為基礎貨幣。在TWS中,每個貨幣對有一個交易代碼。您可以使用外匯交易者(FXTrader)調換報價方向。交易者買入或賣出基礎貨幣的同時在賣出或買入報價貨幣。例如,EUR/USD貨幣對的代碼為:

EUR.USD

其中:

  • EUR為基礎貨幣
  • USD為報價貨幣

上方貨幣對的價格表示需要多少單位的USD(報價貨幣)能交易一個單位的EUR(基礎貨幣)。也就是說,1 EUR是在按USD報價。

EUR.USD的單表示買入EUR並賣出同等金額的USD,具體取決於交易價格。

 

創建報價行

 
在TWS添加外匯報價行具體步驟如下:
1.  輸入交易貨幣(如EUR),然後按回車鍵(enter)。
2.  選擇產品類型——外匯   

3.  選擇結算貨幣(如USD),然後選擇外匯交易場所。

 

 

注:

IDEALFX對於超過其最低數量要求(通常為25,000美元)的定單可直接接入銀行間外匯報價。傳遞到IDEALFX但未達到其最低數量要求的定單基本會被自動傳遞到小額定單交易場所進行外匯轉換。點擊此處瞭解IDEALFX的最低數量要求和最高數量限制相關信息。 

外匯交易商會按特定方向對外匯貨幣對進行報價。因此,交易者需通過調整輸入的貨幣代碼來查找想要的貨幣對。例如,如果輸入貨幣代碼CAD,交易者會發現合約選擇窗口中沒有結算貨幣USD。這是因為,該貨幣對是按USD.CAD報價的,只能先輸入底層代碼USD,然後再選擇貨幣對。


 返回頂部

 

下單

 

具體取決於顯示的欄標頭,貨幣對將顯示如下:
合約(Contract)描述(Description)欄將按交易貨幣.結算貨幣的形式顯示貨幣對(如EUR.USD)。底層代碼(Underlying)欄則只顯示交易貨幣。

點擊此處瞭解如何更改更改顯示的數據欄標頭。


 

1.  要輸入定單,左鍵點擊買價(下賣單)或賣價(下買單).

2.  指定想要買入或賣出的交易貨幣的數量。定單的數量基礎貨幣(即貨幣對中的前一種貨幣)顯示。

盈透證券在外匯交易上沒有代表固定金額基礎貨幣的合約的概念,您的交易尺寸便是所需交易的基礎貨幣金額。

例如,100,000單位EUR.USD的買單會買入100,000單位EUR,並根據顯示的匯率賣出等值USD。

3.  指定想使用的定單類型、匯率(價格),然後傳遞定單。

注:下達的定單必須是完整的貨幣單位,除上述交易場所最低數量要求外,沒有最低合約或手數要求。

常見問題:如何使用外匯交易者(FX Trader)下單?

返回頂部 

 

點值

點(pip)是貨幣對變化的衡量單位,對於大多數貨幣對來說其代表最小變化,但有時也允許存在非整點的變化。

例如,在EUR.USD中,1個點是0.0001,而在USD.JPY中,1個點事0.01。

要計算報價貨幣1個點的點值,可採用以下公式:

(名義金額) x (1個點)

例如:

  • 代碼 = EUR.USD
  • 金額 = 100,000 EUR
  • 1個點 = 0.0001

1個點點值 = 100’000 x 0.0001= 10 USD

  • 代碼 = USD.JPY
  • 金額 = 100’000 USD
  • 1個點 = 0.01

1個點點值 = 100’000 x (0.01)= JPY 1000

要計算基礎貨幣1個點的點值,可採用以下公式:

(名義金額) x (1個點/匯率)

例如:

  • 代碼 = EUR.USD
  • 金額 = 100’000 EUR
  • 1個點 = 0.0001
  • 匯率 = 1.3884

1個點點值 = 100’000 x (0.0001/1.3884)= 7.20 EUR

  • 代碼 = USD.JPY
  • 金額 = 100’000 USD
  • 1個點 = 0.01
  • 匯率 = 101.63

1個點點值 = 100’000 x (0.01/101.63)= 9.84 USD

 

頭寸(交易後)報告

 

外匯頭寸信息是在IB進行交易的一個重要方面,在真實賬戶中開始交易之前需對其進行充分瞭解。IB的交易軟件在兩個不同的地方反映了外匯頭寸,二者均可在賬戶窗口查看。

 

1. 市場價值

賬戶窗口的市場價值部分反映的是實時貨幣頭寸,按貨幣(而非貨幣對)顯示。 

賬戶窗口的市場價值部分是唯一一個可供交易者查看實時外匯頭寸信息的地方。持有多種貨幣頭寸的交易者不一定要使用開倉時用的貨幣對來平倉。例如,買了EUR.USD(買EUR賣USD)還買了USD.JPY(買USD賣JPY)的交易者也可以通過交易EUR.JPY(賣EUR買JPY)來平倉頭寸。

注:

市場價值部分可展開/收起。交易者應點擊淨清算價值欄上方的符號確保顯示出綠色“減號”。如果是綠色“加號“,某些頭寸可能被隱藏。

 

交易者可以從市場價值部分發起平倉交易:右鍵點擊想要平倉的貨幣,選擇”平倉貨幣餘額“或”平倉所有非基礎貨幣餘額“。

 

 2. 外匯投資組合

賬戶窗口的外匯投資組合部分展示的是虛擬頭寸,以貨幣對的形式顯示頭寸信息,這與市場價值部分按貨幣顯示不同。這種特定的顯示形式是為了考慮機構外匯交易者的常用慣例,零售或非頻繁外匯交易者基本上可以無視該部分信息。外匯投資組合的頭寸數量並不反映所有外匯活動,但是,交易者可以對此部分顯示的頭寸數量和平均成本進行修改。這一無需執行交易便可隨意調整頭寸和平均成本信息的功能對於除交易非基礎貨幣產品外還參與其它貨幣交易的交易者可能會有幫助。其可讓交易者手動將自動貨幣轉換(交易非基礎貨幣產品時會自動發生)與單純的外匯交易活動分隔開來。 

外匯投資組合部分的外匯頭寸和盈虧信息均來自所有其它交易窗口顯示的信息。這在確定真實的實時頭寸信息時可能會造成一定困惑。為減少或消除此類困惑,交易者可以選擇以下操作:

 

a. 收起外匯投資組合部分

點擊外匯投資組合(FX Portfolio)文字左邊的箭頭可收起外匯投資組合部分。收起該部分後,虛擬頭寸信息便不再在各交易頁面顯示。(注:這並不會讓市場價值信息顯示出來,其只會阻止外匯投資組合信息顯示。)

 

 

b. 調整頭寸或平均價格

右鍵點擊賬戶窗口的外匯投資組合部分,交易者可以選擇調整頭寸或平均價格。交易者平倉掉所有非基礎貨幣頭寸並確定市場價值部分反映了被平倉的所有非基礎貨幣頭寸後,便可將頭寸和平均價格區域重置為0。此操作會重置外匯投資組合部分的頭寸數量,可讓交易者在交易界面看到更加準確的頭寸和盈虧信息。(注:這是手動操作,每次貨幣頭寸平倉後都需進行一次)。交易者應隨時對市場價值部分的頭寸信息進行確認,確保傳遞的定單達到開倉或平倉頭寸想要的結果)

 

我們鼓勵交易者在真實賬戶中開始交易前,先在模擬交易或演示賬戶中熟悉一下外匯交易。如關於以上信息仍有任何疑問,請聯繫IB。

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其它常見問題:

 

 

 

 

盈透證券歡迎您

Overview: 

現在您的賬戶已完成入金并獲批,您可以開始交易了。以下信息可以幫助您入門。

  1. 您的資金
  2. 設置您的賬戶以進行交易
  3. 如何交易
  4. 在全球範圍進行交易
  5. 拓展您IB經驗的五個要點

 

1. 您的資金
存款&取款基本信息。所有轉賬都通過您的賬戶管理進行管理
存款
首先,通過您的賬戶管理 > 資金 > 資金轉賬 > 轉賬類型:“存款”創建一個存款通知(如何創建存款通知)。第二步,通知您的銀行進行電匯轉賬,在存款通知中提供詳細銀行信息。
取款
通過您的賬戶管理 > 資金 > 資金轉賬 > 轉賬類型:“取款”創建一個取款指令(如何創建取款指令
如果您通知要進行超出取款限額的取款,則會被視為異常取款,我們因此將需要匹配銀行賬戶持有人和IB賬戶。如果目的地銀行賬戶已被用作存款,那麼取款將會被處理;否則,您必須聯繫客戶服務并提供所需文件。
錯誤排查
存款:我的銀行發出了資金,但我沒有看到資金記入我的IB賬戶。可能的原因:
a) 資金轉賬需要1至4個工作日。
b) 存款通知缺失。您必須通過賬戶管理創建存款通知并向客戶服務發送一條咨詢單。
c) 修改詳情缺失。轉賬詳情中缺失您的姓名和IB賬戶號碼。您必須聯繫您的銀行索取完整的修改詳情。
d) IB發起的ACH存款7個工作日內限額為10萬美元。如果您開立的是初始要求為11萬美元的投資組合保證金賬戶,最好選擇電匯存款以減少您第一筆交易的等待時間。如果選擇ACH,會需要等待近2周時間,或者可以選擇臨時升級至RegT。
取款:我已經請求了取款,但我沒有看到資金記入我的銀行賬戶。可能的原因:
a) 資金轉賬需要1至4個工作日。
b) 被拒。超出最大取款限額。請檢查您賬戶的現金餘額。注意,出於監管要求,存入資金時會有三天置存期,之後才可以被取出。
c) 您的銀行退回了資金。可能是因為接收銀行賬戶與匯款銀行賬戶名稱不匹配。

 

2. 設置您的賬戶以進行交易
現金與保證金賬戶的區別:如果您選擇快速申請,默認您的賬戶類型為配備美國股票許可的現金賬戶。如果您想使用槓桿并以保證金交易,參見此處如何升級為RegT保證金賬戶
交易許可
為了能夠交易特定國家的某一特定資產類別,您需要通過賬戶管理獲得該資產類別的交易許可。請注意,交易許可是免費的。但您可能需要簽署當地監管部門所要求的風險披露。如何請求交易許可
市場數據
如果想獲取某一特定產品/交易所的實時市場數據,您需要訂閱交易所收費的市場數據包。如何訂閱市場數據
市場數據助手會幫助您選擇正確的數據包。請觀看該視頻,其解釋了市場數據助手是如何工作的。
客戶可以通過從未訂閱的代碼行點擊免費延時數據按鈕選擇接收免費的延時市場數據。
顧問賬戶
請閱讀用戶指南顧問入門指南。在這裡,您可以看到如何向您的顧問賬戶創建其他使用者以及如何授予其訪問權限等等。

 

3. 如何交易
如果想學習如何使用我們的交易平台,您可以訪問交易者大學。在這裡您可以找到我們以10種語言提供的實時與錄製網研會以及有關交易平台的課程與文檔。
交易者工作站(TWS)
要求更高級交易工具的交易者可以使用我們做市商設計的交易者工作站(TWS)。TWS有著便於操作的電子表格式界面,可優化您的交易速度和效率,支持60多種定單類型,配備可適應任何交易風格的特定任務交易工具,并可實時監控賬戶餘額與活動。試試兩種不同模式:
魔方TWS:直觀可用性, 簡便的交易准入,定單管理,自選列表與圖表全部在一個窗口呈現。
標準模式TWS:為需要更高級工具與算法的交易者提供高級定單管理。
基本描述與信息 / 快速入門指南 / 用戶指南
互動課程:TWS基礎 / TWS設置 / 魔方TWS
如何下單交易:標準模式TWS視頻 / 魔方TWS視頻
交易工具:基本描述與信息用戶指南
要求:如何安裝適用於Windows的Java / 如何安裝適用於MAC的Java / 需打開端口4000和4001
登錄TWS / 下載TWS
網絡交易者(WebTrader)
偏好乾淨簡潔界面的交易者可以使用我們基於HTML的網絡交易者。網絡交易者便於查看市場數據、提交定單以及監控您的賬戶與執行。從各瀏覽器使用最新版本網絡交易者
快速入門指南 / 網絡交易者用戶指南
簡介:網絡交易者視頻
如何下單交易:網絡交易者視頻
登錄網絡交易者
移動交易者(MobileTrader)
我們的移動解決方案可供您隨時隨地用您的IB賬戶進行交易。IB TWS iOS版和IB TWS BlackBerry版是為這些型號定制設計的,而通用的移動交易者支持大多數其他職能手機。
基本描述與信息
定單類型 可用定單類型與描述 / 視頻 / 課程 / 用戶指南
模擬交易 基本描述與信息 / 如何獲得模擬交易賬戶
一旦您的模擬交易賬戶創建成功,您便可用模擬交易賬戶分享您真實賬戶的市場數據:賬戶管理 > 管理賬戶 > 設置 > 模擬交易

 
4. 在全球範圍進行交易
IB賬戶為多幣種賬戶。您的賬戶可以同時持有不同的貨幣,可供您從一個賬戶交易全球範圍內的多種產品。
基礎貨幣
您的基礎貨幣決定了您報表的轉換貨幣以及用於確定保證金要求的貨幣。基礎貨幣在您開立賬戶時決定。客戶隨時可通過賬戶管理改變其基礎貨幣。
我們不會自動將貨幣轉換為您的基礎貨幣
貨幣轉換必須由客戶手動完成。在該視頻中,您可以學習如何進行貨幣轉換。
要開倉以您賬戶所不持有之貨幣計價的頭寸,您可以有以下兩種選擇:
A) 貨幣轉換。
B) IB保證金貸款。(對現金賬戶不可用)
請查看該課程,其解釋了外匯交易方法。

 

5. 拓展您IB經驗的五個要點
1. 合約搜索
在這裡,您會找到我們的所有產品、代碼與說明。
2. IB知識庫
IB知識庫包含了一系列術語、指導性文章、錯誤排查技巧以及指南,旨在幫助IB客戶管理其IB賬戶。只需在搜索按鈕輸入您想要了解的內容,您便會得到答案。
3. 賬戶管理
我們的交易平台可供您訪問市場,賬戶管理則可供您訪問自己的IB賬戶。使用賬戶管理可管理賬戶相關任務,如存入或取出資金、查看您的報表、修改市場數據與新聞訂閱、更改交易許可并驗證或更改您的個人信息。
登錄賬戶管理 / 賬戶管理快速入門指南 / 賬戶管理用戶指南
4. 安全登錄系統
為向您提供最高級別的在線安全,盈透證券推出了安全登錄系統(SLS),通過安全登錄系統訪問賬戶需要進行雙因素驗證。雙因素驗證旨在于登錄時採用兩項安全因素確認您的身份:1) 您的用戶名與密碼組合;和2) 生成隨機、一次性安全代碼的安全設備。因為登錄賬戶需要既知曉您的用戶名/密碼又持有實物安全設備,所以參加安全登錄系統基本上可以杜絕除您以外的其他任何人訪問您賬戶的可能性。
如何激活您的安全設備 / 如何獲取安全代碼卡 / 如何退還安全設備
如果忘記密碼或丟失安全代碼卡,請聯繫我們獲取即時幫助。
5. 報表與報告
我們的報表與報告方便查看和進行自定義,覆蓋了您盈透賬戶的方方面面。如何查看活動報表

 

Welcome to Interactive Brokers

Overview: 

Now that your account is funded and approved you can start trading. The information below will help you getting
started as a new customer of Interactive Brokers.

  1. Your Money
  2. Configure your account to trade
  3. How to trade
  4. Trade all over the World
  5. Five points to enrich your IB experience

 

1. Your Money
Deposits & Withdrawals General Info. All transactions are administered through your secure Account Management
Deposits
First, you create a deposit notification through your Account Management > Funding > Fund Transfers > Transaction Type: “Deposit” How to create a deposit notification. The second step is to instruct your Bank to do the wire transfer with the bank details provided in your Deposit Notification.
Withdrawals
Create a withdrawal instruction via your secure Account Management > Funding > Fund Transfers > Transaction Type: "Withdrawals" How to create a withdrawal instruction
If you instruct a withdrawal over the Withdrawal limits, it will be considered an exceptional withdrawal and we will therefore need to match bank account holder and IB account. If destination bank account has been used for a deposit, withdrawal will be processed; otherwise, you must contact customer service and provide the documents needed.
Troubleshooting
Deposits: My bank sent the money but I do not see it credited into my IB account. Possible reasons:
a) A fund transfer takes 1-4 business days
b) A Deposit Notification is missing. You have to create it via your Account Management and send a ticket to Customer Service
c) Amending details are missing. Your name or IB account number is missing in the transfer details. You have to contact your bank and ask for the full amending details.
d) ACH initiated by IB is limited to 100k USD in a 7 business period. If you opened a Portfolio Margin account where the initial requirement is 110k, a wire deposit might be the better deposit option to reduce wait time for your first trade. If selecting ACH a wait time of almost 2 weeks or a temporary downgrade to RegT can be possible solutions.
Withdrawals: I have requested a withdrawal but I do not see the money credited to my bank account. Possible reasons:
a) A fund transfer takes 1-4 business days
b) Rejected. Over the max it can be withdrawn. Please check your account cash balance. Note that for regulatory requirements, when the funds are deposited, there is a 3 day holding period before they can be withdrawn.
c) Your bank returned the funds. Probably because receiving bank account and remitting bank account names do not match.

 

2. Configure your account to trade
Difference between Cash and Margin accounts: If you have chosen the FastTrack application, by default your account type is a cash account with US stock permission. If you would like to get leverage and trade on margin, here how to upgrade to a RegT Margin account
Trading Permissions
In order to be able to trade a particular asset class in a particular country, you need to get the trading permission for it via your Account Management. Please note that trading permissions are free. You might however be asked to sign risk
disclosures required by local regulatory authorities. How to Request Trading Permissions
Market Data
If you want to have market data in real-time for a particular product/exchange, you need to subscribe to a market data package charged by the exchange. How to subscribe to Market data
The Market data assistant will help you choose the right package. Please watch this Video explaining how it works.
Customers have the option to receive delayed market data for free by clicking the Free Delayed Data button from a non-subscribed ticker row.
Advisor Accounts
Have a look at the user guide getting started as advisors. Here you see how to create additional users to your advisor account and grant them access and much more.

 

3. How to trade
The Trader's University is the place to go when you want to learn how to use our Platforms. Here you will find our webinars, live and recorded in 10 languages and tours and documentation about our various Trading Platforms.
Trader Workstation (TWS)
Traders who require more sophisticated trading tools can use our market maker-designed Trader Workstation (TWS), which optimizes your trading speed and efficiency with an easy-to-use spreadsheet interface, support for more than 60 order types, task-specific trading tools for all trading styles, and real-time account balance and activity monitoring. Try the two models
TWS Mosaic: for intuitive usability, easy trading access, order management, watchlist, charts all in one window or
TWS Classic: the Advanced Order Management for traders who need more advanced tools and algos.
General Description and Information / Quick start guide / Usersguide
Interactive Tours: TWS Basics / TWS configuration / TWS Mosaic
How to place a trade:  Video Classic TWS / Video Mosaic
Trading tools: General Description and InformationUsers guide
Requirements: How to install Java for WindowsHow to install Java for MAC / Port 4000 and 4001 needs to be open
Login TWSDownload TWS
WebTrader
Traders who prefer a clean and simple interface can use our HTML-based WebTrader, which makes it easy to view market data, submit orders, and monitor your account and executions. Use the latest WebTrader from every browser
Quick Start Guide / WebTrader User's Guide
Introduction: Video WebTrader
How to place a Trade: Video WebTrader
Login WebTrader
MobileTrader
Our mobile solutions allow you to trade your IB account on the go. The mobileTWS for iOS and the mobileTWS for BlackBerry are custom-designed for these popular models, while the generic MobileTrader supports most other Smart phones.
General Description and Information
Order Types Order Types available and Description / Videos / Tour / Users guide
Paper Trading General Description and Information / How to get a Paper Trading Account
Once your paper account is created, you can share the market data of your real account with your paper trading account: Account Management > Manage Account > Settings > Paper trading

 
4. Trade all over the World
IB accounts are multi-currency accounts. Your account can hold different currencies at the same time, this allows you to trade multiple products around the world from a single account.
Base Currency
Your base currency determines the currency of translation for your statements and the currency used for determining margin requirements. Base currency is determined when you open an account. Customers may change their base currency at any time through Account Management.
We do not automatically convert currencies into your Base currency
Currency conversions must be done manually by the customer. In this video you can learn how to do a currency conversion.
In order to open a position denominated in a currency that you do not have in your account, you have two possibilities:
A) Currency conversion.
B) IB Margin Loan. (Not available for Cash Accounts)
Please see this course explaining the mechanics of a foreign transaction.

 

5. Five points to enrich your IB experience
1. Contract Search
Here you will find all our products, symbols and specifications.
2. IB Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base is a repository of glossary terms, how-to articles, troubleshooting tips and guidelines designed to assist IB customers with the management of their IB accounts. Just enter in the search button what you are looking for and you will get the answer.
3. Account Management
As our trading platforms give you access to the markets, the Account Management grants you access to your IB account. Use Account Management to manage account-related tasks such as depositing or withdrawing funds, viewing your statements, modifying market data and news subscriptions, changing your trading permissions, and verifying or changing your personal information.
Log In Account Management / AM Quick Start Guide / AM Users Guide
4. Secure Login System
To provide you with the highest level of online security, Interactive Brokers has implemented a Secure Login System (SLS) through which access to your account is subject to two-factor authentication. Two-factor authentication serves to confirm your identity at the point of login using two security factors: 1) Something you know (your username and password combination); and 2) Something you have (an IB issued security device which generates a random, single-use security code). As both knowledge of your username/password and physical possession of the security device are required to login to your account, participation in the Secure Login System virtually eliminates the possibility of anyone other than you accessing your account.
How to Activate your Security Device / How to Obtain a Security Code Card / How to return Security device
In case you forgot your password or lost your security code card, please call us for immediate assistance.
5. Statements and Reports
Easy to view and customize, our statements and reports cover all aspects of your Interactive Brokers account. How to view an Activity Statement 

 

Rollover Option Tool

How to use the Option Rollover Tool

If using Mosaic, use the New Window dropdown to select More Advanced Tools at the bottom of the list, then Rollover Options.

Option Strategy Lab

General overview of the Option Strategy Lab

Options Focus

Option Focus

W8 Re-certification

If you are not a U.S. citizen or entity formed within the U.S. and have an account with Interactive Brokers, you are requested to declare your citizenship or country of formation with the US tax authority (IRS). This declaration can be done online by correctly filling out the W-8BEN form. Filling out this form is an easy process that only takes a few minutes. In the short movie below, we show you where to find the W-8BEN in your IB account management and how to fill it out.

If you fail to declare your foreign citizenship or country of formation, and IB does not have a valid W-8BEN form on file, you are presumed to be a US person/entity without a proper tax certification. As a US person/entity, you will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% on interest, dividends, and substitute payments in lieu; as well as gross proceeds. 

Every 3 years the IRS requires a re-certification of the W-8BEN form. IB will ask the beneficial account owner to re-certify their foreign status by re-signing the W8-BEN in order to continue their status as a foreign person and claim the tax treaty benefits. If you experience any problems or have questions regarding the W-8BEN form or how IB handles Non-US persons and entities, select this Tax Information and Reporting link and choose the tab Non-US Persons and Entities or consult the following IRS information page for more details: www.irs.gov/instructions/iw8/ch02.html

Introduction to Mosaic

An introduction to the Mosaic trading workspace

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