Margin Considerations for Intramarket Futures Spreads
Background
Clients who simultaneously hold both long and short positions of a given futures contract having different delivery months are often provided a spread margin rate that is less than the margin requirement for each position if considered separately. However, as the settlement prices of each contract may deviate significantly as the front month contract approaches its close out date, IBKR will reduce the benefit of the spread margin rate to reflect the risk of this price deviation.
Spread Margin Adjustment
This reduction is accomplished by effectively decoupling or breaking the spread in phases on each of the 3 business days preceding the close out date of the front contract month, as follows:
- On the 3rd business day prior to close out, the initial and maintenance margin requirements will be equal to 10% of their respective requirements on each contract month as if there was no spread, plus 90% of the spread requirement;
- On the 2nd business day prior to close out, the initial and maintenance margin requirements will be equal to 20% of their respective requirements on each contract month as if there was no spread, plus 80% of the spread requirement;
- On the business day prior to close out, the initial and maintenance margin requirements will be equal to 30% of their respective requirements on each contract month as if there was no spread, plus 70% of the spread requirement.
Working Example
Assume a hypothetical futures contract XYZ with the margin requirements as outlined in the table below:
| XYZ | Front Month - 1 Short Contract (Uncovered) | Back Month - 1 Long Contract (Uncovered) | Spread - 1 Short Front Month vs. 1 Long Back Month |
| Initial Margin | $1,250 | $1,500 | $500 |
| Maintenance Margin | $1,000 | $1,200 | $400 |
Further assume a position consisting of 1 short front month contract and 1 long back month contract with the front month contract close out date = T. using this hypothetical example, the initial margin requirement over the 3 business day period preceding close out date is outlined in the table below:
| Day | Initial Margin Requirement | Calculation Details |
| T-4 | $500 | Unadjusted |
| T-3 | $725 | .1($1,250 + $1,500) + .9($500) |
| T-2 | $950 | .2($1,250 + $1,500) + .8($500) |
| T-1 | $1,175 | .3($1,250 + $1,500) + .7($500) |
| T | $1,175 | Positions not in compliance with close out requirements are subject to liquidation. |
How to Complete CFTC Form 40
Clients maintaining a U.S. futures or futures option position at a quantity exceeding the CFTC's reportable thresholds may be contacted directly by the CFTC file with a request that they complete a Form 40. Contact will generally be made via email and clients are encouraged to respond to such requests in a timely manner to avoid trading restrictions and/or fines imposed by CFTC upon their account at the FCM.
Completion of the Form requires the following steps:
- Register for a CFTC Portal Account - performed online at: https://portal.cftc.gov/Account/Register.aspx Registration will require entry of the 9-digit code that the CFTC provided to you within the email requesting that you register. If you cannot locate your code or receive an invalid entry message, contact TechSupport@cftc.gov. When entering "Organization Type" from the drop-down selector, choose "LTR (Large Traders)".
2. Complete Form 40 - You will receive an email notification from the CFTC once your Portal Account has been approved. Note that this approval may take up to 2 business days from the date you complete the New User Request Form. The email will contain a link to the Portal where you will be prompted to log in: https://portal.cftc.gov/
Instructions for completing the form are available at: https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?node=ap17.1.18_106.a
Note that Portal provides the opportunity to save a copy of your submission in XML format, a recommended step, as this allows for uploading the file to the Portal should you need to make modifications at a later date. This will eliminate the need to renter the form in its entirety.
The CFTC will send a confirmation email upon successful completion of your Form 40.
3. Confirm with IBKR - forward your confirmation email, or other evidence that you have submitted the Form 40 to cftc_form40_filing@interactivebrokers.com. This will assist to ensure that your account is not subject to CFTC directed restrictions or fines.
Overview of CFTC Form 40
The CFTC, the primary regulator of U.S. commodity futures markets and Futures Commission Merchants (FCMs), operates a comprehensive system of collecting information on market participants as part of its market surveillance and large trader reporting program.
IBKR, as a registered FCM providing clients with access to those markets, is obligated to report to the CFTC information on clients who hold a position in a quantity that exceeds defined thresholds (i.e., a "reportable position"). In order to report this information, IBKR requires clients trading U.S. futures or futures options to complete an online CFTC Ownership and Control Reporting form at the point the client requests futures trading permissions.
Once a client holds a "reportable position", the CFTC may then contact that client directly and require them to file more detailed information via CFTC Form 40. The information required of this report includes the following:
- Trader's name and address
- Principal business
- Form of ownership (e.g., individual, joint, partnership, corporation, trust, etc.)
- Whether the reporting trader is registered under the Commodity Exchange Act
- Whether the reporting trader controls trading for others
- Whether any other person controls the trading of the reportable trader
- Name and location of all firms through which the reportable trader carries accounts
- Name and location of other persons providing a trading guarantee or having a financial interest in account of 10% or greater
- Name of accounts not in the reporting trader's name in which the trader provides a guarantee or has a financial interest of 10% or more.
Clients who fail to complete this Form in a timely manner may be subject to trading restrictions and/or fines imposed by CFTC upon their account at the FCM. It is therefore imperative that clients immediately respond to these CFTC requests.
To complete the CFTC Form 40, clients must first register for a CFTC Portal Account, an online process which is subject to a review period of 2 business days from the point of initial registration to acknowledgement of approval by the CFTC. For information regarding this registration process and completing the Form 40, see KB3149.
Future OTC di IBKR sui metalli del LME – Fatti, domande e risposte
Il seguente articolo è volto a fornire un'introduzione generale ai contratti future OTC basati sul LME ed emessi da IBKR.
Nota: i residenti negli Stati Uniti, in Canada, a Hong Kong e Israele non possono negoziare contratti future OTC sul LME di IBKR.
Introduzione
I contratti future OTC sul LME di IBKR forniscono ai clienti accesso sintetico alla Borsa dei Metalli di Londra (London Metal Exchange - LME), un mercato peer-to-peer solitamente non disponibile per gli investitori che non ne siano membri.
I future OTC del LME sono contratti derivati OTC aventi IBUK come controparte. I future OTC del LME riflettono i corrispondenti future del LME in termini di prezzo, dimensioni del lotto, tipologia e specifiche, ma di per sé non sono contratti registrati. La consegna fisica non è permessa.
I contratti future OTC sul LME di IBKR sono negoziati tramite il proprio conto a margine, e, di conseguenza, è possibile inserire posizioni a leva lunghe e corte. I tassi di margine corrispondono a quelli stabiliti dal LME. Così come gli altri contratti future, si tratta di prodotti basati sul rischio (SPAN) e, quindi, variabili. I margini correnti sono compresi tra il 6% e il 9% a seconda del contratto.
Contratti
IBKR offre contratti future OTC alle scadenze del terzo mercoledì per i seguenti metalli:
| Metallo | Simbolo IB | Prezzo USD/ | Moltiplicatore |
| Alluminio primario d'alta qualità | AH | Tonnellata | 25 |
| Rame di grado A | CA | Tonnellata | 25 |
| Nickel primario | NI | Tonnellata | 6 |
| Piombo standard | PB | Tonnellata | 25 |
| Stagno | SNLME | Tonnellata | 5 |
| Zinco speciale d'alta qualità | ZSLME | Tonnellata | 25 |
Scadenze del 3° mercoledì
La Borsa dei metalli di Londra prevede una gamma di contratti adattati alle esigenze dei trader e degli operatori prudenti (hedger) che negozino prodotti fisici. I contratti principali sono quelli forward a tre mesi utilizzati dai trader di prodotti fisici per abbinare precisamente le coperture alle proprie esigenze.
I contratti del terzo mercoledì sono mensili, come i future, e, in quanto tali, più adeguati alle esigenze degli operatori finanziari. Così come suggerito dal nome, questi scadono il terzo mercoledì di ogni mese, e, nonostante fisicamente regolati sul LME, sono rigorosamente regolati in contanti presso IBKR. I contratti del terzo mercoledì sono divenuti estremamente popolari e rappresentano il 65% delle posizioni aperte sul LME .
Quotazioni e dati di mercato
IBKR fornisce le quotazioni in streaming del LME (dati di mercato di livello 2) senza aumentare la quotazione. Ciascuno degli ordini dei clienti è, innanzitutto, coperto sulla Borsa e l'ordine OTC del LME è negoziato al prezzo della copertura.
Flussi di cassa
La variazione giornaliera del margine e il P&L realizzato dei future OTC sul LME di IBKR sono regolati ogni giorno in contanti, come i contratti future standard. Al contrario, i flussi di cassa del contratto del LME sottostante sono regolati solamente dopo la scadenza dello stesso.
Margini
I requisiti di margine dei contratti future OTC sul LME di IBKR corrispondono al requisito del contratto sottostante sul LME. La Borsa dei metalli di Londra effettua il calcolo del margine iniziale utilizzando l'analisi del rischio di portafoglio standard (SPAN).
Così come per gli altri contratti future, i tassi di margine sono stabiliti come un valore assoluto per contratto e, in genere, aggiornati con cadenza mensile.
Permessi di trading
È necessario configurare i permessi per i metalli del Regno Unito in Gestione conto.
Dati di mercato
È necessaria una sottoscrizione di livello II alla Borsa dei metalli di Londra, attualmente corrispondente a 1.00 GBP
Risorse sugli OTC del LME
Elenco dei prodotti e collegamenti ai dettagli dei contratti
Commissioni
Requisiti di margine
Domande frequenti
Come bisogna procedere per negoziare i future OTC del LME?
È necessario configurare i permessi di trading per i metalli del Regno Unito in Gestione conto. Se si dispone di un conto IB LLC o di un conto IB UK mantenuto da IB LLC, provvederemo alla configurazione di un nuovo segmento del conto (identificato con il numero del proprio conto più il suffisso "F"). Una volta confermata la configurazione, sarà possibile iniziare a negoziare. Il nuovo conto F non richiederà una procedura di finanziamento separata; al contrario, i fondi saranno automaticamente trasferiti dal proprio conto principale per soddisfare i requisiti di margine.
In che modo sono rappresentate le transazioni e le posizioni su future OTC del LME all'interno dei propri rendiconti?
Le proprie posizioni sono depositate in un segmento del conto separato, identificato con il numero del proprio conto principale e il suffisso "F". È possibile scegliere di visualizzare i rendiconti di attività del segmento "F" separatamente o insieme al proprio conto principale. È possibile effettuare la scelta nella finestra del rendiconto di Gestione conto.
Quali sono le tipologie di protezione del conto previste per la negoziazione di future OTC del LME?
I future OTC del LME sono contratti aventi IB UK come controparte, e non sono negoziati su una Borsa valori regolamentata, né compensati presso una stanza di compensazione centrale. Dato che IB UK è la propria controparte nelle transazioni, si è esposti ai relativi rischi finanziari e commerciali, compreso il rischio di credito associato alle negoziazioni con IB UK. Si prega di notare, tuttavia, che tutti i fondi dei clienti sono sempre interamente segregati, compresi quelli dei clienti istituzionali. IB UK è un partecipante del Financial Services Compensation Scheme ("FSCS") del Regno Unito. IB UK non fa parte della Securities Investor Protection Corporation ("SIPC") degli Stati Uniti.
È possibile negoziare future OTC del LME in via telefonica?
No. In casi eccezionali potremmo acconsentire all'elaborazione telefonica degli ordini di chiusura di posizioni, ma non di quelli di apertura.
IBKR OTC Futures on LME Metals – Facts and Q&A
The following article is intended to provide a general introduction to LME-based OTC Futures issued by IBKR.
Note: Residents of the US, Canada, Hong Kong, and Israel cannot trade IBKR LME OTC Futures.
Introduction
IBKR LME OTC Futures provide clients synthetic access to the London Metal Exchange, a peer to peer exchange not generally available to non-member investors.
The LME OTC Futures are OTC derivative contracts with IBUK as the counterparty. The LME OTC Futures reference the corresponding LME future in terms of price, lot size, type and specification but are themselves not registered contracts. Physical delivery is not permitted.
IBKR LME OTC Futures are traded through your margin account, and you can therefore enter long as well as short leveraged positions. Margin rates equal those established by the LME. Like other futures they are risk-based (SPAN), and therefore variable. Current margins range between 6 and 9% depending on the contract.
Contracts
IBKR offers OTC Futures on the 3rd Wednesday expirations for the following metals:
| Metal | IBKR Symbol | Price USD/ | Multiplier |
| High Grade Primary Aluminium | AH | Metric Ton | 25 |
| Copper Grade A | CA | Metric Ton | 25 |
| Primary Nickel | NI | Metric Ton | 6 |
| Standard Lead | PB | Metric Ton | 25 |
| Tin | SNLME | Metric Ton | 5 |
| Special High Grade Zinc | ZSLME | Metric Ton | 25 |
3rd Wednesday Expirations
The LME features a range of contracts adapted to the needs of physical traders and hedgers. The principal among them are daily 3-month forwards used by physical traders to precisely match their hedges to their needs.
The 3rd Wednesday contracts are monthly contracts, like futures, and as such better adapted to the needs of financial traders. As the name suggests, they expire on the 3rd Wednesday of each month and, although physically settled on the LME, are strictly cash-settled at IBKR. The 3rd Wednesday contracts have become increasingly popular and account for 65% of open interest on the LME.
Quotes and Market Data
IBKR streams quotes from the LME (L2 market data) and does not widen the quote. Every client order is first hedged on exchange and the LME OTC order filled at the price of the hedge.
Cash Flows
Daily variation margin and realized P&L for the IBKR LME OTC Futures are cash-settled daily, like a standard future. By contrast, cash flows for the underlying LME contract are only settled after the contract has expired.
Margins
The margin requirements for the IBKR LME OTC Futures equal the requirement for the underlying contract on the LME. LME uses Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk (SPAN) to calculate Initial Margin.
Like for other futures, the margin rates are established as an absolute value per contract and usually updated monthly.
Trading Permissions
You will need to set up permissions for United Kingdom Metals in Client Portal.
Market Data
You will need a subscription for Level II London Metal Exchange, currently GBP 1.00.
LME OTC Resources
Product Listings & Links to Contract Details
Commissions
Margin Requirements
Frequently asked Questions
What do I need to do to start trading LME OTC Futures?
You need to set up trading permission for United Kingdom Metals in Client Portal. If you have an IB LLC or an IB UK account carried by IB LLC we will set up a new account segment (identified with your existing account number plus the suffix “F”). Once the set-up is confirmed you can begin to trade. You do not need to fund the F segment separately; funds will be automatically transferred from your main account to meet margin requirements.
How are my LME OTC Futures trades and positions reflected in my statements?
Your positions are held in a separate account segment identified by your primary account number with the suffix “F”. You can choose to view Activity Statements for the F-segment either separately or consolidated with your main account. You can make the choice in the statement window in Client Portal.
What account protections apply when trading LME OTC Futures?
LME OTC Futures are contracts with IB UK as your counterparty, and are not traded on a regulated exchange and are not cleared on a central clearinghouse. Since IB UK is the counterparty to your trades, you are exposed to the financial and business risks, including credit risk, associated with dealing with IB UK. Please note however that all client funds are always fully segregated, including for institutional clients. IB UK is a participant in the UK Financial Services Compensation Scheme ("FSCS"). IB UK is not a member of the U.S. Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”).
Can I trade LME OTC Futures over the phone?
No. In exceptional cases we may agree to process closing orders over the phone, but never opening orders.
MIFID II Commodity Position Limits
Background
On 3 January 2018, a new Directive 2014/65/EC (“MiFID II”) and Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 (“MiFIR”) will become effective, introducing new requirements on position limits and position reporting for commodity derivatives and emission allowances.
National Competent Authorities (“NCAs”) (i.e. regulators) of each European Economic Area (“EEA”) Country will calculate the limits on the size of the net position that a person can hold in commodity derivatives traded on an EU venue or its “economically equivalent contracts” (“EEOTC”).
The European Securities and Markets Authority (“ESMA”) intends to publish approved position limits on its website.
Limits will be set for the spot month and all other months, for both physically settled and cash settled commodities.
Investment firms trading in commodity derivatives and emissions allowances are obliged, on a daily basis, to report
their own positions in commodity derivatives traded on a trading venue and EEOTC contracts, as well as those of
their clients and the clients of those clients until the end client is reached, to the NCA.
Clients holding positions have to be identified using specified National Identifiers for individuals and LEIs for
organisations under MiFID II.
Interactive Brokers’ Implementation of the Requirements
In order to comply with its reporting obligations, IB will not allow its clients to trade if they have not provided the
specific National Identifier or LEI that is necessary for reporting positions of in scope financial products.
Whenever possible, IB will act to prevent account holders from entering transactions that may result in a position
limit violation. This process will include monitoring account activity, sending a series of notifications intended to
allow the account holder to self-manage exposure and placing trading restrictions on accounts approaching a limit.
Examples of notifications which are sent via email, TWS bulletin and Message Center are as follows:
- Information Level: sent when the position exceeds 50% of the limit. Intended to inform as to the existence of the position limit and its level.
- Warning Level: sent when the position exceeds 70% of the limit. Intended to provide advance warning that account will be subject to trading restrictions should exposure increase to 90%.
- Restriction Level: sent when the position exceeds 90% of the limit. Provides notice that account is restricted to closing transactions until exposure has been reduced to 85%.
Negoziazione di future Bitcoin con IBKR
Qual è il simbolo di trading?
Cboe/CFE: inserire il simbolo sottostante GXBT per richiamare i future
CME: inserire il simbolo sottostante BRR per richiamare i future
Qual è l'orario di negoziazione?
Cboe/CFE: l'orario di negoziazione regolare è 08:30 - 15:15, ora di Chicago, con orario esteso 17:00 (domenica) - 08:30 (lunedì) e 18:30 - 08:30 in tutti i successivi giorni feriali
CME: 17:00 – 16:00, ora di Chicago, domenica - venerdì
Si prega di notare che, se si desidera negoziare al di fuori dell'orario di trading regolare, o il proprio ordine è stato innescato al di fuori dell'orario di trading regolare, sarà necessario configurare l'ordine di conseguenza. A tale proposito, è possibile seguire questi passaggi:
- Dalla sezione Preimpostazioni ordini > Future. TWS classica: cliccare sul pulsante Modifica e sulla voce Configurazione globale. Mosaic: cliccare su File e sulla voce Configurazione globale. Espandere la sezione Preimpostazioni situata sul lato sinistro e selezionare Future. Nella prima sezione, Tempistica, selezionare il riquadro che dice "Consenti attivazione, invio, innesco o esecuzione dell'ordine al di fuori del normale orario di trading (se disponibile)". Cliccare sulla voce Applica e, una volta terminato, su OK.
- Dalla linea dell'ordine. Cliccare sul campo "Durata" in TWS classica o in Mosaic e selezionare il riquadro in basso che dice "Innesca fuori da RTH". In WebTrader, selezionare il riquadro alla fine della linea dell'ordine che dice "Esegui fuori da RTH".
- Dal ticket d'ordine. Accedere alla sezione Durata e selezionare il riquadro che dice "Consenti esecuzione dell'ordine al di fuori dell'orario di trading regolare".
Per maggiori informazioni in merito alla negoziazione al di fuori dell'orario di trading regolare, si prega di consultare il seguente link:
https://www.interactivebrokers.com/it/index.php?f=29317
Dove è possibile trovare informazioni in merito alle specifiche del contratto?
Vi saranno restrizioni al trading?
Il trading non sarà offerto ai conti pensionistici (ovvero, IRA, SIPP) o ai residenti in Giappone.
Qual è il requisito di margine?
Margine definitivo (outright): il requisito di margine delle posizioni lunghe definitive (outright) sarà fissato al 50% del prezzo di regolamento del mese più prossimo della giornata precedente. Per quanto concerne le posizioni corte definitive (outright), il tasso di margine per i contratti del CFE è attualmente fissato a 40,000 USD per contratto, e, secondo le proiezioni, il contratto del CME, superiore di cinque volte, ha un requisito di 200,000 USD all'avvio delle negoziazioni.
Marginazione integrata: la differenza netta tra i requisiti di margine di mantenimento definitivi del cliente su ciascun contratto long e short (usando il 50% sia per la componente long sia per quella short) più, per ciascuno spread, un onere sullo spread pari al 25% del prezzo di regolamento giornaliero, che è il maggiore tra tutti i contratti future XBT disponibili per il trading.
Si ricorda ai clienti che IBKR non effettua richieste di integrazione e potrebbe modificare i requisiti di margine in qualunque momento a sola discrezione di IBKR.
Per i dettagli dei requisiti di margine correnti di tutti i prodotti, si prega di fare riferimento alla seguente sezione del sito web IBKR: https://www.interactivebrokers.com/it/index.php?f=27242Quali sono le commissioni?
Il tasso commissionale sui future Bitcoin sarà di 5 USD per contratto per i prodotti Cboe/CFE e di 10 USD per contratto per i prodotti CME. IBKR trasmetterà le tariffe borsistiche, regolamentari e di compensazione.
Per maggiori informazioni in merito alle commissioni e alle tariffe borsistiche, regolamentari e di compensazione, si prega di visitare la pagina del nostro sito web:
Quali sono i permessi di trading richiesti?
Per poter negoziare future Bitcoin è necessario disporre dei permessi per il trading di cripto future statunitensi. È possibile richiedere i permessi per il trading di cripto future statunitensi nella sezione Impostazioni > Permessi di trading di Gestione conto.
Quali sono le opzioni disponibili per le sottoscrizioni ai dati di mercato?
Le quotazioni dal vivo per i future Bitcoin sia del Cboe sia del CME sono disponibili mediante sottoscrizione a pagamento in Gestione conto. L'offerta comprende le seguenti sottoscrizioni (le tariffe mensili delle sottoscrizioni sono pubblicate sul sito web IBKR):
Cboe/CFE (Borsa = CFE, Borsa IB = CFECRYPTO)
- Non professionale
- Livello 1: CFE Enhanced (NP,L1)
- Livello 2: CFE Enhanced with Depth of Book (NP,L2)
- Indice: Indici Cboe Market Data Express
- Professionale
- Livello 1: CFE Enhanced (P,L1)
- Livello 2: CFE Enhanced with Depth of Book (P,L2)
- Indice: Indici Cboe Market Data Express
CME (Borsa = CME. Borsa IB = CMECRYPTO)
- Non professionale
- Livello 1: CME in tempo reale non professionale di Livello 1
- Livello 1: pacchetto Value con istantanea di titoli e future USA (NP,L1)
- Livello 2: CME in tempo reale non professionale di Livello 2
- Livello 2: pacchetto Value USA PLUS (NP,L2)
- Richiede il pacchetto Value con istantanea dei titoli e future USA
- Valido solo per la profondità del book
- Professionale
- Livello 2: CME in tempo reale professionale di Livello 2 (non vi è alcun prodotto CME Pro di livello 1)
Trading Cryptocurrency Futures with IBKR
What is the trading symbol?
CME (Bitcoin Futures): Enter the underlying symbol BRR in order to bring up the futures
CME (Ether Futures): Enter the underlying symbol ETHUSDRR to bring up the futures
ICE (Bakkt® Bitcoin Futures): Enter the underlying symbol BAKKT to bring up the futures
What are the trading hours?
CME: 17:00 – 16:00 Chicago Time, Sunday – Friday
ICE: 19:00-17:00 Chicago Time, Sunday – Friday
Please note, if you wish to trade outside of regular trading hours or have your order triggered outside of regular trading hours you must configure your order accordingly. You can do so using the following steps:
- Through Futures Order Presets. In Classic TWS, click Edit followed by Global Configuration. In Mosaic, click File followed by Global Configuration. Expand the Presets section on the left side and select Futures. The first section will be Timing, and you will want to check the box that says "Allow order to be activated, triggered, or filled outside of regular trading hours (if available)". Click Apply and OK once finished.
- Through the order line. In both Classic TWS as well as Mosaic, click on the Time in Force field and check the box at the bottom that says "Trigger outside RTH". In WebTrader, check the box at the end of the order line that says "Fill Outside RTH".
- Through the Order Ticket. In the Time in Force section, check the box that says "Allow this order to be filled outside of regular trading hours".
Please see the following link for more information on trading futures outside of regular trading hours:
https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/index.php?f=719
Where can I find information about the contract specifications?
CME (Bitcoin Futures): http://www.cmegroup.com/trading/bitcoin-futures.html?itm_source=cmegroup&itm_medium=flyout&itm_campaign=bitcoin&itm_content=tech_flyout
CME (Ether Futures): https://www.cmegroup.com/trading/ether-futures.html
ICE (Bakkt® Bitcoin Futures): https://www.theice.com/products/72035464/Bakkt-Bitcoin-USD-Monthly-Futures-Contact
Will there be any restrictions on trading?
Trading will not be offered in retirement accounts (e.g., IRA, SIPP) or for residents of Japan.
What is the Margin Requirement?
The margin requirement for outright long positions will be set at 50% of the prior day's lead month settlement price. In the case of outright short positions, the margin rate will be 150% of the daily settlement price.
Spread Margin: The net difference between the outright customer maintenance margin requirements on each long and short contracts (using 50% for both the long and the short leg) plus, for each spread, a spread charge equal to 25% of the daily settlement price that is the greatest among all XBT futures contracts available for trading.
Clients are reminded that IBKR does not issue margin calls and may modify margin requirements at any time, at IBKR's sole discretion.
Please refer to the following section of the IBKR website for current margin requirements for all products: https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/index.php?f=24176
What are the commissions?
The commission rate for Crypocurrency futures will be USD 10 per contract for the CME and ICE products. IBKR will pass through exchange, regulatory and clearing fees.
For more information on commission as well as exchange, regulatory and clearing fees, please visit the Commission page of our website:
https://www.interactivebrokers.com/en/index.php?f=commission&p=futures1
What trading permissions are required?
To trade Crypocurrency futures, you must have trading permissions for US Crypto Futures. You can request US Crypto Futures trading permission in Client Portal by clicking the User menu (head and shoulders icon in the top right corner) followed by Manage Account. Click the gear icon in the top right corner of the Trading Experience & Permissions section. Go to the "Futures" section and check off "United States (Crypto)".
What are the market data subscription options?
Live quotes for Crypocurrency futures are available on a paid subscription basis through Client Portal. The following subscriptions are offered (monthly subscription fees are posted to the IBKR website):
CME (Exchange = CME. IB Exchange = CMECRYPTO)
Non-Professional
- Level 1: CME Real-Time Non-Professional Level 1
- Level 1: US Securities Snapshot and Futures Value Bundle (NP,L1)
- Level 2: CME Real-Time Non-Professional Level 2
- Level 2: US Value Bundle PLUS (NP,L2)
- Requires US Securities Snapshot and Futures Value Bundle
- This is only for depth of book
Professional
- Level 2: CME Real-Time Professional Level 2 (There is no CME Pro level 1 product)
ICE (Exchange = ICE, IB Exchange = ICECRYPTO)
- Level 2: ICE Futures US - Digital Asset Futures Level 2 (There is no level 1 available for either professional or professional)
Back to Table of Contents: Bitcoin and Other Cryptocurrency Products @ IBKR
Risks of Volatility Products
Trading and investing in volatility-related Exchange-Traded Products (ETPs) is not appropriate for all investors and presents different risks than other types of products. Among other things, ETPs are subject to the risks you may face if investing in the components of the ETP, including the risks relating to investing in complex securities (such as futures and swaps) and risks associated with the effects of leveraged investing in geared funds. Investors should be familiar with the diverse characteristics of each ETF, ETN, future, option, swap and any other relevant security type. We have summarized several risk factors (as identified in prospectuses for ETPs and in other sources) and included links so you can conduct further research. Please keep in mind that this is not a complete list of the risks associated with these products and investors are responsible for understanding and familiarizing themselves completely before entering into risk-taking activities. By providing this information, Interactive Brokers (IB) is not offering investment or trading advice regarding ETPs to any customer. Customers (and/or their independent financial advisors) must decide for themselves whether ETPs are an appropriate investment for their portfolios.
An ETP may not be benchmarked to the index it appears to track
"An investor should only consider an investment in a Fund if he or she understands the consequences of seeking exposure to VIX futures contracts. The Funds are benchmarked to the S&P VIX Short-Term Futures Index, an investable index of VIX futures contracts. The Funds are not benchmarked to the VIX Index. The VIX Index is a non-investable index that measures the implied volatility of the S&P 500. For these purposes, "implied volatility" is a measure of the expected volatility (i.e., the rate and magnitude of variations in performance) of the S&P 500 over the next 30 days. The VIX Index does not represent the actual volatility of the S&P 500. The VIX Index is calculated based on the prices of a constantly changing portfolio of S&P 500 put and call options. The Index underlying each Fund consists of short-term VIX futures contracts. As such, the performance of the Index and the Funds can be expected to be very different from the actual volatility of the S&P 500 or the performance of the VIX Index." [Page 1]
"… your ability to benefit from any rise or fall in the level of the VIX Index is limited. The Index underlying your ETNs is based upon holding a rolling long position in futures on the VIX Index. These futures will not necessarily track the performance of the VIX Index. Your ETNs may not benefit from increases in the level of the VIX Index because such increases will not necessarily cause the level of VIX Index futures to rise. Accordingly, a hypothetical investment that was linked directly to the VIX Index could generate a higher return than your ETNs." [Page PS-12]
ETPs may not provide a suitable hedge
"Historical correlation trends between the Index and other asset classes may not continue or may reverse, limiting or eliminating any potential diversification or other benefit from owning a Fund." [Page 20]
Volatility based ETPs are volatile in themselves and are not intended for long term investment
"… investments can be highly volatile and the Funds may experience large losses from buying, selling or holding such investments. ... In addition, gains, if any, may be subject to significant and unexpected reversals. The Funds generally are intended to be used only for short-term investment horizons. As with all investments, an investor in any of the Funds could potentially lose the full principal value of his/her investment, even over periods as short as one day." [Page 1]
"The ETNs are only suitable for a very short investment horizon. The relationship between the level of the VIX Index and the underlying futures on the VIX Index will begin to break down as the length of an investor’s holding period increases, even within the course of a single Index Business Day. ... The ETNs are not long term substitutes for long or short positions in the futures underlying the VIX Index. ... The long term expected value of your ETNs is zero. If you hold your ETNs as a long term investment, it is likely that you will lose all or a substantial portion of your investment. " [Page PS-15]
The use of leveraged positions could result in the total loss of an investment
"The Ultra Fund utilizes leverage in seeking to achieve its investment objective and will lose more money in market environments adverse to its respective daily investment objectives than funds that do not employ leverage…
For example, because the Ultra Fund includes a two times (2x) multiplier, a single-day movement in the Index approaching 50% at any point in the day could result in the total loss or almost total loss of an investor’s investment if that movement is contrary to the investment objective of the Fund, even if the Index subsequently moves in an opposite direction, eliminating all or a portion of the movement…
Inverse positions can also result in the total loss of an investor’s investment. For the Inverse Fund, a single-day or intraday increase in the level of the Fund’s benchmark approaching 100% could result in the total loss or almost total loss of an investor’s investment, even if such Fund’s benchmark subsequently moves lower. " [Page 14]
Possible illiquid markets may exacerbate losses
"Financial Instruments cannot always be liquidated at the desired price. It is difficult to execute a trade at a specific price when there is a relatively small volume of buy and sell orders in a market. A market disruption can also make it difficult to liquidate a position or find a swap counterparty at a reasonable cost. " [Page 17]
Short covering may intensify losses in volatility-related ETPs
In the event of a sudden market volatility change, many traders with positions in volatility-related products will incur substantial unexpected losses. These losses may cause them to choose to close their positions. The losses may also result in margin deficits and subsequent liquidations of some or all positions. Such closing trades will add to the movement of these products. Since speculative interest in the VIX is at an all-time high, there may be no precedent for what will happen if volatility moves quickly.
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission's (CFTC) weekly Commitments of Traders (COT) report provides a breakdown of the net positions for "non-commercial" (speculative) traders in U.S. futures markets. As of September 2017 CFTC reported VIX speculative net short is at an all-time high.
"Despite the fact that the average daily closing value of the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) is about 11.5 so far this year, VIX futures and options both had record days for volume and for open interest this month. … VIX futures hit a new record for open interest with more than 673,000 contracts on August 7 (2017), and VIX options reached a new record for open interest with 14,783,380 contracts open on August 15 (2017)."
*As this data is constantly changing, investors in volatility-related products should regularly check for updates.
ETP issuers may redeem shares for cash in the event of extreme moves
"The Intraday Indicative Value on any Index Business Day could be reduced to 20% or less of the prior day’s Closing Indicative Value. If this occurs, we may choose to exercise our right to effect an Event Acceleration of the ETNs for an amount equal to that day’s Closing Indicative Value and you may not receive any of your initial investment." [Page PS-17]
Allocation of Partial Fills
How are executions allocated when an order receives a partial fill because an insufficient quantity is available to complete the allocation of shares/contracts to sub-accounts?
Overview:
From time-to-time, one may experience an allocation order which is partially executed and is canceled prior to being completed (i.e. market closes, contract expires, halts due to news, prices move in an unfavorable direction, etc.). In such cases, IB determines which customers (who were originally included in the order group and/or profile) will receive the executed shares/contracts. The methodology used by IB to impartially determine who receives the shares/contacts in the event of a partial fill is described in this article.
Background:
Before placing an order CTAs and FAs are given the ability to predetermine the method by which an execution is to be allocated amongst client accounts. They can do so by first creating a group (i.e. ratio/percentage) or profile (i.e. specific amount) wherein a distinct number of shares/contracts are specified per client account (i.e. pre-trade allocation). These amounts can be prearranged based on certain account values including the clients’ Net Liquidation Total, Available Equity, etc., or indicated prior to the order execution using Ratios, Percentages, etc. Each group and/or profile is generally created with the assumption that the order will be executed in full. However, as we will see, this is not always the case. Therefore, we are providing examples that describe and demonstrate the process used to allocate partial executions with pre-defined groups and/or profiles and how the allocations are determined.
Here is the list of allocation methods with brief descriptions about how they work.
· AvailableEquity
Use sub account’ available equality value as ratio.
· NetLiq
Use subaccount’ net liquidation value as ratio
· EqualQuantity
Same ratio for each account
· PctChange1:Portion of the allocation logic is in Trader Workstation (the initial calculation of the desired quantities per account).
· Profile
The ratio is prescribed by the user
· Inline Profile
The ratio is prescribed by the user.
· Model1:
Roughly speaking, we use each account NLV in the model as the desired ratio. It is possible to dynamically add (invest) or remove (divest) accounts to/from a model, which can change allocation of the existing orders.
Basic Examples:
Details:
CTA/FA has 3-clients with a predefined profile titled “XYZ commodities” for orders of 50 contracts which (upon execution) are allocated as follows:
Account (A) = 25 contracts
Account (B) = 15 contracts
Account (C) = 10 contracts
Example #1:
CTA/FA creates a DAY order to buy 50 Sept 2016 XYZ future contracts and specifies “XYZ commodities” as the predefined allocation profile. Upon transmission at 10 am (ET) the order begins to execute2but in very small portions and over a very long period of time. At 2 pm (ET) the order is canceled prior to being executed in full. As a result, only a portion of the order is filled (i.e., 7 of the 50 contracts are filled or 14%). For each account the system initially allocates by rounding fractional amounts down to whole numbers:
Account (A) = 14% of 25 = 3.5 rounded down to 3
Account (B) = 14% of 15 = 2.1 rounded down to 2
Account (C) = 14% of 10 = 1.4 rounded down to 1
To Summarize:
A: initially receives 3 contracts, which is 3/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.12)
B: initially receives 2 contracts, which is 2/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.134)
C: initially receives 1 contract, which is 1/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.10)
The system then allocates the next (and final) contract to an account with the smallest ratio (i.e. Account C which currently has a ratio of 0.10).
A: final allocation of 3 contracts, which is 3/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.12)
B: final allocation of 2 contracts, which is 2/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.134)
C: final allocation of 2 contract, which is 2/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.20)
The execution(s) received have now been allocated in full.
Example #2:
CTA/FA creates a DAY order to buy 50 Sept 2016 XYZ future contracts and specifies “XYZ commodities” as the predefined allocation profile. Upon transmission at 11 am (ET) the order begins to be filled3 but in very small portions and over a very long period of time. At 1 pm (ET) the order is canceled prior being executed in full. As a result, only a portion of the order is executed (i.e., 5 of the 50 contracts are filled or 10%).For each account, the system initially allocates by rounding fractional amounts down to whole numbers:
Account (A) = 10% of 25 = 2.5 rounded down to 2
Account (B) = 10% of 15 = 1.5 rounded down to 1
Account (C) = 10% of 10 = 1 (no rounding necessary)
To Summarize:
A: initially receives 2 contracts, which is 2/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.08)
B: initially receives 1 contract, which is 1/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.067)
C: initially receives 1 contract, which is 1/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.10)
The system then allocates the next (and final) contract to an account with the smallest ratio (i.e. to Account B which currently has a ratio of 0.067).
A: final allocation of 2 contracts, which is 2/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.08)
B: final allocation of 2 contracts, which is 2/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.134)
C: final allocation of 1 contract, which is 1/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.10)
The execution(s) received have now been allocated in full.
Example #3:
CTA/FA creates a DAY order to buy 50 Sept 2016 XYZ future contracts and specifies “XYZ commodities” as the predefined allocation profile. Upon transmission at 11 am (ET) the order begins to be executed2 but in very small portions and over a very long period of time. At 12 pm (ET) the order is canceled prior to being executed in full. As a result, only a portion of the order is filled (i.e., 3 of the 50 contracts are filled or 6%). Normally the system initially allocates by rounding fractional amounts down to whole numbers, however for a fill size of less than 4 shares/contracts, IB first allocates based on the following random allocation methodology.
In this case, since the fill size is 3, we skip the rounding fractional amounts down.
For the first share/contract, all A, B and C have the same initial fill ratio and fill quantity, so we randomly pick an account and allocate this share/contract. The system randomly chose account A for allocation of the first share/contract.
To Summarize3:
A: initially receives 1 contract, which is 1/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.04)
B: initially receives 0 contracts, which is 0/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.00)
C: initially receives 0 contracts, which is 0/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.00)
Next, the system will perform a random allocation amongst the remaining accounts (in this case accounts B & C, each with an equal probability) to determine who will receive the next share/contract.
The system randomly chose account B for allocation of the second share/contract.
A: 1 contract, which is 1/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.04)
B: 1 contract, which is 1/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.067)
C: 0 contracts, which is 0/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.00)
The system then allocates the final [3] share/contract to an account(s) with the smallest ratio (i.e. Account C which currently has a ratio of 0.00).
A: final allocation of 1 contract, which is 1/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.04)
B: final allocation of 1 contract, which is 1/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.067)
C: final allocation of 1 contract, which is 1/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.10)
The execution(s) received have now been allocated in full.
Available allocation Flags
Besides the allocation methods above, user can choose the following flags, which also influence the allocation:
· Strict per-account allocation.
For the initially submitted order if one or more subaccounts are rejected by the credit checking, we reject the whole order.
· “Close positions first”1.This is the default handling mode for all orders which close a position (whether or not they are also opening position on the other side or not). The calculation are slightly different and ensure that we do not start opening position for one account if another account still has a position to close, except in few more complex cases.
Other factor affects allocations:
1) Mutual Fund: the allocation has two steps. The first execution report is received before market open. We allocate based onMonetaryValue for buy order and MonetaryValueShares for sell order. Later, when second execution report which has the NetAssetValue comes, we do the final allocation based on first allocation report.
2) Allocate in Lot Size: if a user chooses (thru account config) to prefer whole-lot allocations for stocks, the calculations are more complex and will be described in the next version of this document.
3) Combo allocation1: we allocate combo trades as a unit, resulting in slightly different calculations.
4) Long/short split1: applied to orders for stocks, warrants or structured products. When allocating long sell orders, we only allocate to accounts which have long position: resulting in calculations being more complex.
5) For non-guaranteed smart combo: we do allocation by each leg instead of combo.
6) In case of trade bust or correction1: the allocations are adjusted using more complex logic.
7) Account exclusion1: Some subaccounts could be excluded from allocation for the following reasons, no trading permission, employee restriction, broker restriction, RejectIfOpening, prop account restrictions, dynamic size violation, MoneyMarketRules restriction for mutual fund. We do not allocate to excluded accountsand we cancel the order after other accounts are filled. In case of partial restriction (e.g. account is permitted to close but not to open, or account has enough excess liquidity only for a portion of the desired position).
Footnotes:
