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Title:

How are executions allocated when an order receives a partial fill because an insufficient quantity is available to complete the allocation of shares/contracts to sub-accounts?

Overview:

From time-to-time, one may experience an allocation order which is partially executed and is canceled prior to being completed (i.e. market closes, contract expires, halts due to news, prices move in an unfavorable direction, etc.). In such cases, IB determines which customers (who were originally included in the order group and/or profile) will receive the executed shares/contracts. The methodology used by IB to impartially determine who receives the shares/contacts in the event of a partial fill is described in this article.

Background:

Before placing an order CTAs and FAs are given the ability to predetermine the method by which an execution is to be allocated amongst client accounts. They can do so by first creating a group (i.e. ratio/percentage) or profile (i.e. specific amount) wherein a distinct number of shares/contracts are specified per client account (i.e. pre-trade allocation). These amounts can be prearranged based on certain account values including the clients’ Net Liquidation Total, Available Equity, etc., or indicated prior to the order execution using Ratios, Percentages, etc. Each group and/or profile is generally created with the assumption that the order will be executed in full. However, as we will see, this is not always the case. Therefore, we are providing examples that describe and demonstrate the process used to allocate partial executions with pre-defined groups and/or profiles and how the allocations are determined.

Here is the list of allocation methods with brief descriptions about how they work.

·         AvailableEquity
Use sub account’ available equality value as ratio. 

·         NetLiq
Use subaccount’ net liquidation value as ratio

·         EqualQuantity
Same ratio for each account

·         PctChange¹:Portion of the allocation logic is in Trader Workstation (the initial calculation of the desired quantities per account).

·         Profile

The ratio is prescribed by the user

Basic Examples:

Details:

CTA/FA has 3-clients with a predefined profile titled “XYZ commodities” for orders of 50 contracts which (upon execution) are allocated as follows:

Account (A) = 25 contracts

Account (B) = 15 contracts

Account (C) = 10 contracts

Example #1:

CTA/FA creates a DAY order to buy 50 Sept 2016 XYZ future contracts and specifies “XYZ commodities” as the predefined allocation profile. Upon transmission at 10 am (ET) the order begins to execute²but in very small portions and over a very long period of time. At 2 pm (ET) the order is canceled prior to being executed in full. As a result, only a portion of the order is filled (i.e., 7 of the 50 contracts are filled or 14%). For each account the system initially allocates by rounding fractional amounts down to whole numbers:

Account (A) = 14% of 25 = 3.5 rounded down to 3

Account (B) = 14% of 15 = 2.1 rounded down to 2

Account (C) = 14% of 10 = 1.4 rounded down to 1

To Summarize:

A: initially receives 3 contracts, which is 3/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.12)

B: initially receives 2 contracts, which is 2/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.134)

C: initially receives 1 contract, which is 1/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.10)

The system then allocates the next (and final) contract to an account with the smallest ratio (i.e. Account C which currently has a ratio of 0.10).

A: final allocation of 3 contracts, which is 3/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.12)

B: final allocation of 2 contracts, which is 2/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.134)

C: final allocation of 2 contract, which is 2/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.20)

The execution(s) received have now been allocated in full.

Example #2:

CTA/FA creates a DAY order to buy 50 Sept 2016 XYZ future contracts and specifies “XYZ commodities” as the predefined allocation profile. Upon transmission at 11 am (ET) the order begins to be filled³ but in very small portions and over a very long period of time. At 1 pm (ET) the order is canceled prior being executed in full. As a result, only a portion of the order is executed (i.e., 5 of the 50 contracts are filled or 10%).For each account, the system initially allocates by rounding fractional amounts down to whole numbers:

Account (A) = 10% of 25 = 2.5 rounded down to 2

Account (B) = 10% of 15 = 1.5 rounded down to 1

Account (C) = 10% of 10 = 1 (no rounding necessary)

To Summarize:

A: initially receives 2 contracts, which is 2/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.08)

B: initially receives 1 contract, which is 1/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.067)

C: initially receives 1 contract, which is 1/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.10)

The system then allocates the next (and final) contract to an account with the smallest ratio (i.e. to Account B which currently has a ratio of 0.067).

A: final allocation of 2 contracts, which is 2/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.08)

B: final allocation of 2 contracts, which is 2/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.134)

C: final allocation of 1 contract, which is 1/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.10)

The execution(s) received have now been allocated in full.

Example #3:

CTA/FA creates a DAY order to buy 50 Sept 2016 XYZ future contracts and specifies “XYZ commodities” as the predefined allocation profile. Upon transmission at 11 am (ET) the order begins to be executed²  but in very small portions and over a very long period of time. At 12 pm (ET) the order is canceled prior to being executed in full. As a result, only a portion of the order is filled (i.e., 3 of the 50 contracts are filled or 6%). Normally the system initially allocates by rounding fractional amounts down to whole numbers, however for a fill size of less than 4 shares/contracts, IB first allocates based on the following random allocation methodology.

In this case, since the fill size is 3, we skip the rounding fractional amounts down.

For the first share/contract, all A, B and C have the same initial fill ratio and fill quantity, so we randomly pick an account and allocate this share/contract. The system randomly chose account A for allocation of the first share/contract.

To Summarize³:

A: initially receives 1 contract, which is 1/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.04)

B: initially receives 0 contracts, which is 0/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.00)

C: initially receives 0 contracts, which is 0/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.00)

Next, the system will perform a random allocation amongst the remaining accounts (in this case accounts B & C, each with an equal probability) to determine who will receive the next share/contract.

The system randomly chose account B for allocation of the second share/contract.

A: 1 contract, which is 1/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.04)

B: 1 contract, which is 1/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.067)

C: 0 contracts, which is 0/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.00)

The system then allocates the final [3] share/contract to an account(s) with the smallest ratio (i.e. Account C which currently has a ratio of 0.00).

A: final allocation of 1 contract, which is 1/25 of desired (fill ratio = 0.04)

B: final allocation of 1 contract, which is 1/15 of desired (fill ratio = 0.067)

C: final allocation of 1 contract, which is 1/10 of desired (fill ratio = 0.10)

The execution(s) received have now been allocated in full.

Available allocation Flags

Besides the allocation methods above, user can choose the following flags, which also influence the allocation:

·         Strict per-account allocation.
For the initially submitted order if one or more subaccounts are rejected by the credit checking, we reject the whole order.

·         “Close positions first”¹.This is the default handling mode for all orders which close a position (whether or not they are also opening position on the other side or not). The calculation are slightly different and ensure that we do not start opening position for one account if another account still has a position to close, except in few more complex cases.

Other factor affects allocations:

1)      Mutual Fund: the allocation has two steps. The first execution report is received before market open. We allocate based onMonetaryValue for buy order and MonetaryValueShares for sell order. Later, when second execution report which has the NetAssetValue comes, we do the final allocation based on first allocation report.

2)      Allocate in Lot Size: if a user chooses (thru account config) to prefer whole-lot allocations for stocks, the calculations are more complex and will be described in the next version of this document.

3)      Combo allocation¹: we allocate combo trades as a unit, resulting in slightly different calculations.

4)      Long/short split¹: applied to orders for stocks, warrants or structured products. When allocating long sell orders, we only allocate to accounts which have long position: resulting in calculations being more complex.

5)      For non-guaranteed smart combo: we do allocation by each leg instead of combo.

6)      In case of trade bust or correction¹: the allocations are adjusted using more complex logic.

7)      Account exclusion¹: Some subaccounts could be excluded from allocation for the following reasons, no trading permission, employee restriction, broker restriction, RejectIfOpening, prop account restrictions, dynamic size violation, MoneyMarketRules restriction for mutual fund. We do not allocate to excluded accountsand we cancel the order after other accounts are filled. In case of partial restriction (e.g. account is permitted to close but not to open, or account has enough excess liquidity only for a portion of the desired position).

Footnotes:

1.        Details of these calculations will be included in the next revision of this document.

2.        To continue observing margin in each account on a real-time basis, IB allocates each trade immediately (behind the scenes) however from the CTA and/or FA (or client’s) point of view, the final distribution of the execution at an average price typically occurs when the trade is executed in full, is canceled or at the end of day (whichever happens first).

3.       If no account has a ratio greater than 1.0 or multiple accounts are tied in the final step (i.e. ratio = 0.00), the first step is skipped and allocation of the first share/contract is decided via step two (i.e. random allocation).

The portfolio page allows you to view and montor your current portfolio at the individual position level, including psoition quantity, market value, current bid-ask and profit/loss. Instructions for locating the page vary by trading platform and are outlined below:

TWS Classic - First check to see if you have detached the page from the main window (an option provided by right clicking on the tab). If this is the case, the page will be open but hidden behind the main window. Minimize the main window by clicking on the minimize icon located in the upper-right hand corner of the screen. If you are able to then view the portfolio page and wish to reattach it, simply right click on the tab to open the menu and select the "Attach Page" option.

If the page is not detached, select the "Account Window" option from the top menu bar and then "Portfolio Window" menu option.

Mosiac - from the Montor window, click on the small + sign located to the right of any existing monitor tabs. Then select "Portfolio" and this page will reappear.

È necessario rispondere a tutte le domande del questionario per essere classificati come Non Professionali. Le Borse valori richiedono la conferma della prova dello status di Non Professionale; di conseguenza, nel caso in cui il questionario per Non Professionali sia incompleto o poco chiaro, verrà assegnata la classificazione di Professionale fino alla conferma del proprio status corretto. 

In caso di modifica dello status, si prega di contattare l'helpdesk.

Spiegazione delle domande:

1)    Fini commerciali ed economici

a)    Riceve informazioni finanziarie (compresi notizie e dati sui prezzi relativi a titoli, commodity e altri strumenti finanziari) per la sua, o qualsiasi altra, entità commerciale?

Spiegazione: la domanda chiede se attualmente si ricevono e utilizzano dati di mercato per l'utilizzo a nome di una società o altra organizzazione a prescindere dall'uso personale dei dati sul proprio conto.

b)    Effettua trading su titoli, commodity o forex a beneficio di una società di capitali, società di persone, trust professionale, club d'investimento professionale o altra entità?

Spiegazione: la domanda chiede se attualmente si effettua trading esclusivamente per proprio conto o per conto di un'organizzazione (S.r.l., Ltd., LLC, GmbH, Soc., Co., LLP, Corp.)?

c)    Ha siglato un accordo per (a) dividere i profitti della sua attività di trading o (b) ricevere compenso per la sua attività di trading?

Spiegazione: la domanda chiede se attualmente si riceve compenso per effettuare trading o si dividono i profitti derivanti dalla propria attività di trading con terzi (entità o persona fisica).

d)    Riceve benefit quali, per esempio, spazi e attrezzature per l'ufficio, o altri tipi di vantaggi, in cambio della sua attività di trading o del suo lavoro in qualità di consulente finanziario per un'altra persona fisica, società o entità commerciale?

Spiegazione: la domanda chiede se attualmente si riceve una qualunque forma di compenso da parte di terzi per la propria attività di trading, non necessariamente sotto forma di pagamento in denaro.

2)    Agire in veste di

a)    Attualmente agisce in una qualunque veste di consulente o intermediario finanziario?

Spiegazione: la domanda chiede se attualmente si riceve compenso per la gestione di asset di terzi oppure per la consulenza offerta a terzi circa le modalità di gestione dei relativi asset.

b)    È impegnato in veste di gestore di fondi per titoli, commodity o forex?         
 

Spiegazione: la domanda chiede se attualmente si riceve compenso per la gestione di titoli, commodity o forex.

c)     Sta utilizzando queste informazioni finanziarie in veste professionale o per la gestione degli attivi della/del sua/suo società/datore di lavoro?

Spiegazione: la domanda chiede se attualmente si stanno utilizzando in qualche modo dati a fini commerciali per la specifica gestione degli asset della propria società o del proprio datore di lavoro?

d)    Utilizza il capitale di una qualunque altra persona fisica o entità nella conduzione della sua attività di trading?

Spiegazione: la domanda chiede se il proprio conto comprende asset di altre entità oltre ai propri.

3)    Distribuzione, ripubblicazione o fornitura di dati a terzi

a)    Distribuisce, ridistribuisce, pubblica, rende disponibili o fornisce, in qualunque modo, a terzi un qualunque tipo di informazioni finanziarie relative al servizio?

Spiegazione: la domanda chiede se si inviano dati dai noi ricevuti di qualunque tipo, genere o sorta a terzi.

4)    Trader professionale qualificato di titoli/future

a)    È attualmente registato o qualificato come trader professionale di titoli presso una qualunque agenzia di sicurezza, o presso un qualunque mercato dei contratti commodity o future, o come consulente di investimento presso una qualunque Borsa valori, autorità di regolamentazione, associazione professionale o ente professionale riconosciuto nazionale o statale? ^{i, ii}
SÌ☐             NO☐

i) Di seguito alcuni esempi di enti di regolamentazione:

• La Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) degli Stati Uniti
  
• La Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) degli Stati Uniti
  
• La Financial Service Authority (FSA) del Regno Unito
  
• La Japanese Financial Service Agency (JFSA) del Giappone
  

ii) Di seguito alcuni esempi di organismi di autoregolamentazione:

• Il New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) degli Stati Uniti
• La Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) degli Stati Uniti
• La VQF svizzera